Bareither D J, Muehleman C M, Feldman N J
Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Foot Ankle Surg. 1995 Sep-Oct;34(5):429-34; discussion 509. doi: 10.1016/S1067-2516(09)80017-3.
From a total of 165 foot and lower leg cadaveric specimens, 38 specimens were selected by palpation of the region of the tuberosity of the navicular for the possible presence of an accessory bone. Specimens were radiographed and dissected to reveal the presence of an accessory bone and its relationship to the tibialis posterior tendon. Nineteen of the specimens exhibited hypertrophy of the tibialis posterior tendon and 19 specimens exhibited an accessory bone. Specimens exhibiting an accessory bone were divided into two categories. In one group, the accessory bone was located in the tibialis posterior tendon prior to its division and was separated from the tuberosity by at least 3 mm. In the other group, the accessory bone was located in the main segment of the tibialis posterior tendon, connected to the tuberosity of the navicular by fibrous tissue, and, in some cases, exhibited a central cavity between the accessory bone and tuberosity. The accessory bone of specimens in the first group was considered to be a sesamoid in the tibialis posterior tendon and the accessory bone in the second group was an ossicle considered to be the os tibiale externum. Linking the os tibiale externum to the tibiale component of the primitive tetrapod foot rather than to the prehallux component eliminates the use of the term "prehallux" as an alternative name for this ossicle.
在总共165个足和小腿尸体标本中，通过触诊舟骨粗隆区域以检查是否可能存在副骨，挑选出38个标本。对标本进行X线摄影并解剖，以揭示副骨的存在及其与胫后肌腱的关系。其中19个标本表现出胫后肌腱肥大，19个标本存在副骨。存在副骨的标本分为两类。在一组中，副骨位于胫后肌腱分支之前，且与粗隆至少相距3毫米。在另一组中，副骨位于胫后肌腱的主要部分，通过纤维组织与舟骨粗隆相连，在某些情况下，副骨与粗隆之间有中央腔隙。第一组标本中的副骨被认为是胫后肌腱中的籽骨，第二组中的副骨是被认为是外侧胫骨骨的小骨。将外侧胫骨骨与原始四足动物足部的胫骨部分而非前拇趾部分联系起来，就不再使用“前拇趾”一词作为该小骨的替代名称。
