Cooper R A, VanSickle D P, Albright S J, Stewart K J, Flannery M, Robertson R N
Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Highland Drive VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995 Oct;32(3):255-63.
The range of a power wheelchair depends on many factors including: battery type, battery state, wheelchair/rider weight, terrain, the efficiency of the drive train, and driving behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three methods of estimating power wheelchair range. Another significant purpose was to compare the current draw on pavement to current draw on an International Standards Organization (ISO) Double Drum tester at one m/sec. Tests were performed on seven different power wheelchairs unloaded, and loaded with an ISO 100 kg test dummy. Each chair was configured according to the manufacturer's specifications, and tires were properly inflated. Experienced test technicians were used for the tennis court tests, and treadmill tests. An ISO 100 kg test dummy was used for the ISO Double Drum test. Energy consumption was measured over a distance of 1500 m for each of the three test conditions. The rolling surface was level in all cases. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between the predicted range at maximum speed for the three tests. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) in estimated range at maximum speed between the Double Drum test and the treadmill test, as well as between the Double Drum test and the tennis court test. Our results indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the predicted range at maximal speed between the treadmill and tennis court tests. A simple relationship does not exist between the results of range testing with the Double Drum tester and the tennis court. An alternative would be to permit the use of a treadmill for range testing as simple relationships between all pertinent treadmill and tennis court range data were found. For the Double Drum tester used, the current demand is higher than under normal usage. This presents a problem as current is related to load torque in a power wheelchair. Hence, the Double Drum tester friction must be reduced. The predicted range for the tennis court test at maximum speed ranges from a low of 23.6 km to a high of 57.7 km. The range of the power wheelchair can be improved by the use of wet lead acid batteries in place of gel lead acid batteries.
电动轮椅的续航里程取决于多种因素，包括：电池类型、电池状态、轮椅/乘坐者重量、地形、传动系统效率以及驾驶行为。本研究的目的是评估三种估算电动轮椅续航里程方法的可行性。另一个重要目的是比较电动轮椅在路面上的电流消耗与在国际标准化组织（ISO）双滚筒试验机上以1米/秒速度行驶时的电流消耗。对七辆不同的电动轮椅进行了测试，测试时轮椅空载以及搭载一个100千克的ISO测试假人。每辆轮椅均按照制造商的规格进行配置，轮胎充气适当。经验丰富的测试技术人员进行网球场测试和跑步机测试。使用一个100千克的ISO测试假人进行ISO双滚筒测试。在三种测试条件下，均测量了1500米距离内的能量消耗。所有情况下滚动表面均为水平。重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）显示，三种测试在最大速度下的预测续航里程之间存在显著差异（p = 0.0001）。事后分析表明，双滚筒测试与跑步机测试之间以及双滚筒测试与网球场测试之间在最大速度下的估计续航里程存在显著差异（p < 0.01）。我们的结果表明，跑步机测试和网球场测试在最大速度下的预测续航里程之间无显著差异（p > 0.05）。双滚筒试验机的续航里程测试结果与网球场测试结果之间不存在简单的关系。一种替代方法是允许使用跑步机进行续航里程测试，因为发现所有相关的跑步机和网球场续航里程数据之间存在简单关系。对于所使用的双滚筒试验机，其电流需求高于正常使用情况。这带来了一个问题，因为电动轮椅中的电流与负载扭矩相关。因此，必须降低双滚筒试验机的摩擦力。网球场测试在最大速度下的预测续航里程范围从低至23.6千米到高至57.7千米。使用湿铅酸电池代替凝胶铅酸电池可以提高电动轮椅的续航里程。
