Radwan A I, Bekairi S I, Mukayel A A, al-Bokmy A M, Prasad P V, Azar F N, Coloyan E R
Animal Production and Health Section, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rev Sci Tech. 1995 Sep;14(3):719-32. doi: 10.20506/rst.14.3.860.
The authors describe an attempt to control Brucella melitensis infection in a large camel herd in Saudi Arabia. Sera from the entire herd (2,536) were examined by the Rose Bengal and standard United States of America buffered plate agglutination tests. The overall Brucella seroprevalence was 8%. Milk samples from the 120 seropositive milking camels were cultured on Brucella-selective media. B. melitensis biovars 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from 41 camels (34%). Seropositive camels (202) were treated for the first time with a combination of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) at a dose of 25 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (i.m.) every 2 days for 30 days and streptomycin at 25 mg/kg i.m. every 2 days for 16 days. In addition, milking camels were given OTC-intramammary infusion at a rate of 10 ml/teat every 2 days for 8 days. This regimen was found to be effective in eliminating the shedding of Brucella organisms by camels, with no relapse. Moreover, all treated camels became seronegative within 16 months after treatment. Seronegative camels (2,331) were vaccinated for the first time with the B. melitensis Rev. 1 strain vaccine, as follows: a) 175 young camels (aged three months to one year) were each inoculated subcutaneously with a full dose (1-2 x 10(9) viable organisms in 1 ml). Brucella antibody titres between 1:50 and 1:200 were detected 2-4 weeks post-vaccination. Brucella antibodies decreased gradually until the animals became seronegative 8 months after vaccination. b) 2,156 camels aged more than one year were each inoculated subcutaneously with a reduced dose (1-2 x 10(6) viable organisms in 1 ml). Antibody titres measured 2-4 weeks post-vaccination varied from 1:25 to 1:200. The titres decreased gradually, until the animals became seronegative 3 months post-vaccination. No Brucella organisms were recovered from repeated udder secretion samples from all vaccinated milking camels, and no abortions were recorded among pregnant vaccinated camels.
作者描述了在沙特阿拉伯一个大型骆驼群中控制绵羊种布鲁氏菌感染的尝试。对整个骆驼群（2536头）的血清进行了玫瑰红试验和美国标准缓冲平板凝集试验检测。布鲁氏菌血清总阳性率为8%。从120头血清阳性的泌乳骆驼采集的乳样在布鲁氏菌选择性培养基上培养。从41头骆驼（34%）中分离出了绵羊种布鲁氏菌生物变种1、2和3。首次对202头血清阳性骆驼进行治疗，采用长效土霉素（OTC）与链霉素联合用药，剂量分别为25mg/kg，土霉素每2天肌肉注射一次，共30天；链霉素每2天肌肉注射一次，共16天。此外，泌乳骆驼每2天进行一次OTC乳房内灌注，每次每个乳头10ml，共8天。发现该方案可有效消除骆驼布鲁氏菌的排出，且无复发。此外，所有接受治疗的骆驼在治疗后16个月内血清转为阴性。对2331头血清阴性骆驼首次接种绵羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1株疫苗，方法如下：a）175头幼龄骆驼（3月龄至1岁）每头皮下接种全剂量（1ml含1 - 2×10⁹个活菌体）。接种疫苗后2 - 4周检测到布鲁氏菌抗体效价在1:50至1:200之间。布鲁氏菌抗体逐渐下降，直到动物在接种疫苗8个月后血清转为阴性。b）2156头1岁以上的骆驼每头皮下接种减量剂量（1ml含1 - 2×10⁶个活菌体）。接种疫苗后2 - 4周测得的抗体效价在1:25至1:200之间。效价逐渐下降，直到动物在接种疫苗3个月后血清转为阴性。从所有接种疫苗的泌乳骆驼反复采集的乳房分泌液样本中未检出布鲁氏菌，且接种疫苗的怀孕骆驼未记录到流产情况。
