Alrawahi Abdulmajeed Hamood, Robertson Ian, Hussain Muhammad Hammad, Saqib Muhammad
Animal Health Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Sultanate of Oman.
College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Open Vet J. 2019 Jul;9(2):133-139. doi: 10.4314/ovj.v9i2.7. Epub 2019 May 5.
Brucellosis is a globally distributed and economically devastating zoonotic disease of multiple species, including camels. Human and livestock brucellosis is prevalent in Oman, especially in southern Dhofar governorates of Oman, where camels share habitat and have close contact with other susceptible species. We conducted a randomized cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels of Oman. The sera from 2,250 camels from 552 geographically marked farms were screened through Rose Bengal plate agglutination test and later confirmed by the competitive ELISA (COMPLIZA, VLA, UK). In total, nine [0.4%, confidence interval (CI) 0.4, 0.8] camels from eight (1.5%, CI 0.6, 2.8) herds were tested positive for brucellosis. The highest prevalence was recorded in Dhofar (3.7%, CI 1.4, 7.9) and the lowest in Sharqiyah (1.3%, CI 0.0, 7.2) governorate ( = 0.052). All seropositive camels were of local breed and females. Seroprevalence was higher (0.5%, CI 0.2, 1.0) in adults (>4 yr of age) as compared with young (≤4 yr of age) camels (0.2%, CI 0.0, 0.8). The results of binary logistic regression indicated that camel herds located in south (Dhofar) [odds ratio (OR) 6.39, CI 1.01, 40.67], practice of open replacement system (OR 14.49, CI 1.83, 114.51) and with history of abortions (OR 8.01, CI 1.34, 47.77) were more likely to test positive for brucellosis. We conclude that brucellosis is endemic at a low level in camels of Oman and a control strategy based upon test-and-slaughter/inclusion of camels in the current vaccination program after carefully planned vaccine evaluation studies could be considered to control it.
布鲁氏菌病是一种在全球范围内分布、对包括骆驼在内的多种物种具有经济破坏性的人畜共患病。人类和牲畜布鲁氏菌病在阿曼流行，尤其是在阿曼南部的佐法尔省，那里骆驼与其他易感物种共享栖息地并密切接触。我们进行了一项随机横断面血清流行病学研究，以调查阿曼骆驼中布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率。对来自552个有地理标记农场的2250头骆驼的血清进行了玫瑰红平板凝集试验筛查，随后通过竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定（COMPLIZA，英国兽医实验室局）进行确认。总共有来自8个（1.5%，置信区间0.6，2.8）畜群的9头（0.4%，置信区间0.4，0.8）骆驼布鲁氏菌病检测呈阳性。佐法尔省的患病率最高（3.7%，置信区间1.4，7.9），沙尔基耶省的患病率最低（1.3%，置信区间0.0，7.2）（P = 0.052）。所有血清阳性骆驼均为当地品种且为雌性。成年骆驼（>4岁）的血清流行率（0.5%，置信区间0.2，1.0）高于幼年骆驼（≤4岁）（0.2%，置信区间0.0，0.8）。二元逻辑回归结果表明，位于南部（佐法尔）的骆驼畜群[比值比（OR）6.39，置信区间1.01，40.67]、采用开放式替换系统（OR 14.49，置信区间1.83，114.51）以及有流产史（OR 8.01，置信区间1.34，47.77）的骆驼更有可能布鲁氏菌病检测呈阳性。我们得出结论，布鲁氏菌病在阿曼骆驼中呈低水平地方性流行，在经过精心规划的疫苗评估研究后，可考虑基于检测和扑杀/将骆驼纳入当前疫苗接种计划的控制策略来控制该病。
