Valdespino-Gómez J L, García-García M de L, del Río-Chiriboga C, Cruz-Palacios C, Loo-Méndez E, López-Sotelo A
Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (INDRE)/Comité de Epidemiología, Consejo Nacional de Prevención y Control del SIDA (CONASIDA), México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):549-55.
Studies on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) during the previous years in Mexico are discussed. The information sources were: a) Surveys among commercial sex workers. Since 1990, 1,386 women have been studied in four federal states through structured questionnaires and laboratory tests. Prevalence of different STD's has been significant (syphilis (VDRL, FTA-abs) 23.7%; chlamydiosis (Ag IF) 12.9%; gonorrhea (Ag, ELISA) 11.5%; anti-HBs 11.0%; herpes 1,2 (IgM) 9.3%, HBsAg 5.7%. Frequency of HIV (ELISA, Western blot) has been low; 0.5%. In 1994, 662 women were studied in Mexico City, with different laboratory techniques for chlamydiosis and gonorrhea (culture), hepatitis B (anticore antibodies) and herpes (total antibodies) with the following results: syphilis 1.5-12%; chlamydiosis 10.8-11.7%; gonorrhea 0-5.9%; hepatitis B 0-7.1%; herpes 44.7-78%; and HIV 0-1.4%. b) Surveys among men with homosexual and bisexual practices. 325 subjects have been studied in three federal states using methods similar to those of the 1990 survey. Contrasting with results among women, HIV prevalence was found to be high; (18.8%), and considerable for other STD's: anti-HBsAg 28.6%, syphilis 34.9%, recent herpes 10.9%, HBsAg 5.0%, chlamydiosis (Ag, IF) 4.3%, herpes simplex 1,2 (Ag, IF) 4.7%, gonorrhea (Ag, ELISA) 2.8%. c) Patient clinical studies. The clinical interrelationship between different STD and HIV infection has been studied; clinical differences are described between patients with condylomata or syphilis depending on HIV serostatus. Implications of the interrelationship between different STD's and HIV infection for the prevention and control of these diseases are discussed.
本文讨论了墨西哥过去几年对性传播疾病（STD）的研究情况。信息来源包括：a）对商业性工作者的调查。自1990年以来，通过结构化问卷和实验室检测，在四个联邦州对1386名女性进行了研究。不同性传播疾病的患病率很高（梅毒（VDRL、FTA - abs）为23.7%；衣原体感染（Ag IF）为12.9%；淋病（Ag、ELISA）为11.5%；抗 - HBs为11.0%；疱疹1、2型（IgM）为9.3%，HBsAg为5.7%。HIV（ELISA、Western blot）感染率较低，为0.5%。1994年，在墨西哥城对662名女性进行了研究，采用不同实验室技术检测衣原体感染和淋病（培养法）、乙型肝炎（抗核心抗体）和疱疹（总抗体），结果如下：梅毒1.5 - 12%；衣原体感染10.8 - 11.7%；淋病0 - 5.9%；乙型肝炎0 - 7.1%；疱疹44.7 - 78%；HIV 0 - 1.4%。b）对有同性恋和双性恋行为男性的调查。在三个联邦州对325名受试者进行了研究，采用的方法与1990年的调查相似。与女性的结果形成对比的是，发现HIV患病率很高（18.8%），其他性传播疾病的患病率也相当可观：抗 - HBsAg为28.6%，梅毒为34.9%，近期疱疹为10.9%，HBsAg为5.0%，衣原体感染（Ag、IF）为4.3%，单纯疱疹1、2型（Ag、IF）为4.7%，淋病（Ag、ELISA）为2.8%。c）患者临床研究。研究了不同性传播疾病与HIV感染之间的临床相互关系；描述了患有尖锐湿疣或梅毒的患者根据HIV血清学状态的临床差异。讨论了不同性传播疾病与HIV感染之间的相互关系对这些疾病预防和控制的影响。
