Nandi J, Kamat H, Bhavalkar V, Banerjee K
National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
Sex Transm Dis. 1994 Jul-Aug;21(4):235-6. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199407000-00011.
In India, heterosexual transmission of HIV-infection is considered to be the major mode of transmission. However, no report is available on transmission of HIV-infection among homosexually active men. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) infections among homosexual men from Bombay is discussed.
To determine the extent of presence of anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 antibodies, or both anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 antibodies among homosexual men in India.
Sixty-three blood samples were collected from two STD clinics of Bombay over a 6-month period from men with a history of homosexual behavior who were asymptomatic for HIV-infection. The mean age of the subjects was 31.6 years. For serological detection anti-HIV-1 antibody ELISA was used as the primary screening test followed by Western blot to confirm the results. For distinction between anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 antibody, line immunoassay was used. The sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were diagnosed clinically, although Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests were carried out as a routine test for screening STDs. For detection of gonorrhea, Gram stains of urethral smear were done routinely.
From the 63 blood samples tested, 10 samples were reactive by ELISA for HIV-1 infection, and three samples were borderline reactive. These three samples were found to be reactive for anti-HIV-2 by the line immunoassay. The above 10 samples were also positive by Western blot for anti-HIV-1 antibody. Two blood samples were positive for both anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 antibodies. Using clinical diagnosis as the criteria, the different types of STD among the 63 subjects were as follows: condylomata (22), herpes (20), gonorrhea (15), candidiasis (3), and syphilis (3). However with VDRL, seven subjects were found to be reactive. Gram stains indicated gonorrhea in all the 15 subjects.
This study reports for the first time the homosexual transmission of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in India, although heterosexual transmission still is the major mode of transmission of the infection. The associated incidence of STDs among these men and that a few of these subjects were bisexual make them at high risk for transmission of HIV infection.
在印度，HIV感染的异性传播被认为是主要传播方式。然而，尚无关于男同性恋者中HIV感染传播情况的报告。本文讨论了孟买男同性恋者中人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）和人类免疫缺陷病毒2型（HIV-2）感染的流行情况。
确定印度男同性恋者中抗HIV-1、抗HIV-2抗体或抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2抗体同时存在的程度。
在6个月的时间里，从孟买的两家性病诊所收集了63份血液样本，样本来自有同性恋行为史且无HIV感染症状的男性。受试者的平均年龄为31.6岁。血清学检测采用抗HIV-1抗体ELISA作为初筛试验，随后用免疫印迹法确认结果。为区分抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2抗体，采用线性免疫测定法。性传播疾病（STD）通过临床诊断，不过梅毒血清学试验（VDRL）作为STD筛查的常规检测项目也会进行。对于淋病的检测，常规进行尿道涂片革兰氏染色。
在检测的63份血液样本中，10份样本ELISA检测对HIV-1感染呈阳性反应，3份样本为临界反应。这3份样本经线性免疫测定法检测对抗HIV-2呈阳性反应。上述10份样本免疫印迹法检测抗HIV-1抗体也呈阳性。2份血液样本抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2抗体均呈阳性。以临床诊断为标准，63名受试者中的不同类型STD如下：尖锐湿疣（22例）、疱疹（20例）、淋病（15例）、念珠菌病（3例）和梅毒（3例）。然而，VDRL检测发现7名受试者呈阳性反应。革兰氏染色显示所有15例淋病患者均为阳性。
本研究首次报告了印度男同性恋者中HIV-1和HIV-2感染的同性传播情况，尽管异性传播仍是该感染的主要传播方式。这些男性中STD的相关发病率以及其中一些受试者为双性恋，使他们处于HIV感染传播的高风险中。
