Weltzien H U, Moulon C, Martin S, Padovan E, Hartmann U, Kohler J
Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany.
Toxicology. 1996 Feb 22;107(2):141-51. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(95)03253-c.
Protein-reactive chemicals, metal salts and drugs, commonly classified as immunological haptens, are major environmental noxes targeted at the immune system of vertebrates. They may not only interfere with this defense system by toxicity alone, but more often by evoking hapten-specific immune responses resulting in allergic and eventually autoimmune responses. Here, we review recent developments in the analysis of the structural basis of hapten recognition, particularly by T lymphocytes, which represent central elements in cell-mediated, as well as in IgE dependent, allergies. A break-through in this field was the finding that T cells detect haptens as structural entities, attached covalently or by complexation to self-peptides anchored in binding grooves of major histocompatibility antigens (MHC-proteins). Synthetic hapten-peptide conjugates were shown to induce hapten-specific contact sensitivity in mice, opening new routes for studying hapten-induced immune disorders.
蛋白质反应性化学物质、金属盐和药物，通常归类为免疫半抗原，是针对脊椎动物免疫系统的主要环境有害物质。它们不仅可能仅通过毒性干扰这一防御系统，更常见的是通过引发半抗原特异性免疫反应，导致过敏反应并最终引发自身免疫反应。在此，我们综述了半抗原识别结构基础分析方面的最新进展，特别是T淋巴细胞的识别，T淋巴细胞是细胞介导的以及IgE依赖性过敏反应的核心要素。该领域的一项突破是发现T细胞将半抗原作为结构实体进行检测，这些半抗原通过共价连接或通过络合作用与锚定在主要组织相容性抗原（MHC蛋白）结合槽中的自身肽结合。合成的半抗原-肽缀合物已被证明可在小鼠中诱导半抗原特异性接触敏感性，为研究半抗原诱导的免疫紊乱开辟了新途径。
