Bevilaqua L R, Mattevi V S, Ewald G M, Salzano F M, Santos R V, Hutz M H
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1995 Dec;98(4):395-401. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330980402.
Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were investigated in 139 individuals from five different Brazilian Indian tribes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight haplotypes were identified. Haplotypes 2 ((+)----) and 6 (-)++(-)+) were the most frequent and were common to all tribes. Their prevalences ranged from 60% to 93% and from 3% to 18%, respectively. Average heterozygosity measured by the Gini-Simpson index is markedly reduced among these Brazilian Indians when compared with Europeans (56%), but much less (8%) in relation to Asiatics, suggesting the absence of an important bottleneck effect in the early colonization of South America. The coefficient of gene differentiation (GST') was estimated as 0.082 among six Brazilian Indian tribes, but when only three Tupi-Mondé-speaking tribes were considered, this estimate was reduced to 0.030.
通过聚合酶链反应（PCR），对来自五个不同巴西印第安部落的139名个体的β-珠蛋白基因簇中五个多态性限制性位点衍生的单倍型进行了研究。鉴定出了八种单倍型。单倍型2（(+)----）和6（-）++(-)+）最为常见，且在所有部落中都有。它们的频率分别在60%至93%和3%至18%之间。与欧洲人（56%）相比，这些巴西印第安人通过基尼-辛普森指数测量的平均杂合度明显降低，但与亚洲人相比则少得多（8%），这表明在南美洲早期殖民过程中不存在重要的瓶颈效应。在六个巴西印第安部落中，基因分化系数（GST'）估计为0.082，但仅考虑三个讲图皮-蒙德语的部落时，这一估计值降至0.030。
