Bucci K K, Knapp K K, Ohri L K, Brooks P J
Medical University of South Carolina, Greenwood, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995 Dec 1;52(23):2696-701. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/52.23.2696.
Factors that influence pharmacy students to pursue residency and fellowship training were studied. Directors of 514 residency or fellowship programs were asked to distribute to their residents or fellows a survey concerning factors that influenced their decision to enter a residency or fellowship. Deans of the 75 U.S. pharmacy schools were sent a related survey and asked to forward it to the faculty or staff member who was most involved in promoting residencies and fellowships to students. This survey asked about methods for promoting the programs and the faculty member's opinion on why students chose to become residents and fellows. Residents and fellows cited "to gain knowledge and experience," "recognition of new and challenging roles," and "desire for specialized training" as their leading reasons for entering their programs. The pharmacy school representatives also cited "to gain knowledge and experience" and "desire for specialized training" as leading reasons. The residents and fellows thought instruction on residencies and fellowships should occur earlier in the pharmacy degree programs than it was being provided. The pharmacy school respondents considered the largest barriers to entering such programs "financial" and "a job was available upon graduation from pharmacy school." The pharmacy school survey results were broken into two groups: the 9 schools that produced the most students who went on to residencies and fellowships, and the rest of the schools. The former group was more likely to offer the Pharm.D. degree and to involve preceptors, residents, and fellows in didactic and clerkship teaching. Two factors--"to gain knowledge and experience" and "desire for specialized training"--were cited most frequently by survey respondents as important factors in students' decisions to pursue residencies and fellowships, and schools that produce more residents and fellows tended to involve preceptors, residents, and fellows in didactic and clerkship training.
本研究探讨了影响药学专业学生选择住院医师培训和专科培训的因素。514个住院医师培训或专科培训项目的负责人被要求向其学员发放一份关于影响他们决定参加住院医师培训或专科培训的因素的调查问卷。美国75所药学院的院长也收到了一份相关调查问卷，并被要求将其转发给最积极向学生推广住院医师培训和专科培训的教职员工。这份调查问卷询问了推广这些项目的方法以及该教职员工对学生选择成为住院医师和专科培训学员原因的看法。住院医师和专科培训学员将“获取知识和经验”、“认可新的且具有挑战性的角色”以及“渴望接受专业培训”列为他们参加培训项目的主要原因。药学院代表也将“获取知识和经验”以及“渴望接受专业培训”列为主要原因。住院医师和专科培训学员认为，住院医师培训和专科培训的指导应该在药学学位课程中比目前更早地进行。药学院的受访者认为，进入此类项目的最大障碍是“经济因素”以及“药学院毕业后能找到工作”。药学院的调查结果分为两组：培养出最多继续参加住院医师培训和专科培训学生的9所学校，以及其他学校。前一组更有可能提供药学博士学位，并让带教老师、住院医师和专科培训学员参与理论教学和临床实习教学。调查受访者最常提到的两个因素——“获取知识和经验”以及“渴望接受专业培训”——是学生决定参加住院医师培训和专科培训的重要因素，培养出更多住院医师和专科培训学员的学校往往会让带教老师、住院医师和专科培训学员参与理论教学和临床实习培训。
