Shimeld C, Whiteland J L, Nicholls S M, Easty D L, Hill T J
Department of Opthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, UK.
J Gen Virol. 1996 May;77 ( Pt 5):977-85. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-5-977.
Reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection was induced by UV irradiation of the corneas of latently infected mice. On days 1-4 after stimulation, infectious virus was sought in nervous and ocular tissue. On days 4, 7 and 10, eyes with either recurrent epithelial or stromal disease and appropriate controls were stained to identify immune cells and HSV-1 antigens. The maximum incidence of infectious virus was on day 2 when 5/10 ophthalmic parts of the trigeminal ganglion yielded HSV. Thus in this mouse model, as in humans, reactivation of virus in the trigeminal ganglion is the likely source of virus producing recurrent disease and shedding in the tear film. On day 4, when virus antigens were still present, granulocytes were the predominant infiltrating cell in corneas with either type of disease. Small numbers of T cells, dendritic cells and cells expressing MHC class II were also present. In stromal disease, the granulocyte infiltrate persisted and T cells remained sparse. In contrast, in epithelial disease, granulocyte numbers rapidly declined and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (present at a ratio of 1:1) increased significantly. The secondary immune response to virus antigen is more rapid and vigorous than that during primary corneal infection. Granulocytes may play a role in the initial clearance of virus, however, the other types of cells present early on provide the potential for a local secondary immune response. The high proportion of CD8+ cells in epithelial disease compared with stromal disease suggests that they may be acting as suppressors.
通过紫外线照射潜伏感染小鼠的角膜，诱导潜伏的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染重新激活。在刺激后的第1至4天，在神经和眼部组织中寻找感染性病毒。在第4、7和10天，对患有复发性上皮或基质疾病的眼睛以及适当的对照进行染色，以识别免疫细胞和HSV-1抗原。感染性病毒的最高发生率出现在第2天，此时三叉神经节的10个眼部部分中有5个产生了HSV。因此，在这个小鼠模型中，与人类一样，三叉神经节中的病毒重新激活可能是导致复发性疾病和泪膜中病毒脱落的病毒来源。在第4天，当病毒抗原仍然存在时，粒细胞是两种疾病类型角膜中主要的浸润细胞。也存在少量T细胞、树突状细胞和表达MHC II类分子的细胞。在基质疾病中，粒细胞浸润持续存在，T细胞仍然稀少。相比之下，在上皮疾病中，粒细胞数量迅速下降，CD4+和CD8+ T细胞（比例为1:1）均显著增加。对病毒抗原的二次免疫反应比原发性角膜感染期间更快、更强烈。粒细胞可能在病毒的初始清除中起作用，然而，早期存在的其他类型细胞为局部二次免疫反应提供了潜力。与基质疾病相比，上皮疾病中CD8+细胞的高比例表明它们可能起抑制作用。
