Coste J, Bouyer J, Job-Spira N
INSERM U292, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 82, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
Contracept Fertil Sex. 1996 Feb;24(2):135-9.
During the past two decades, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) has doubled or tripled in many parts of the world. In France, EP currently constitutes 2 % of livebirths and 1.6 % of all reported pregnancies. These rates seem presently stable. The main identified risk factors include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)--in particular that due to Chlamydial infection, previous ectopic pregnancy and cigarette smoking. More than 50 % of EP cases are attributable to infectious factors and cigarette smoking, suggesting dramatic effects on EP rates of appropriate prevention programs. A third risk which could be prevented is induced conception cycles, especially by Clomiphene. Other risk factors are pelvic surgery, previous EP and maternal age (especially over 35 years). Further epidemiologic research is needed to identify new risk factors, to monitor incidence rates and to evaluate the effects of public health policies on EP occurrence. French EP registers will certainly contribute to this research.
在过去二十年中，世界许多地区异位妊娠（EP）的发病率翻了一番或两番。在法国，目前异位妊娠占活产的2%，占所有报告妊娠的1.6%。目前这些比率似乎稳定。已确定的主要危险因素包括盆腔炎（PID）——尤其是由衣原体感染引起的，既往异位妊娠和吸烟。超过50%的异位妊娠病例可归因于感染因素和吸烟，这表明适当的预防计划对异位妊娠率有显著影响。第三种可预防的风险是诱导受孕周期，尤其是通过克罗米芬。其他危险因素是盆腔手术、既往异位妊娠和产妇年龄（尤其是35岁以上）。需要进一步的流行病学研究来确定新的危险因素，监测发病率，并评估公共卫生政策对异位妊娠发生的影响。法国的异位妊娠登记册肯定会对这项研究有所帮助。
