Lewis H A, Chikte U M
Department of Community Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1995 Oct;50(10):467-71.
This paper reports on the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the primary and permanent teeth and the tooth surfaces of 262 school children aged 6-18 years from two communities in KwaNdebele (South Africa), the first with 8-9 ppm F-, and the second with 0.6-1.6 ppm F- in the drinking water. The Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) was used to measure the degree of fluorosis. In both areas, the population prevalence, for primary and permanent teeth was more than 90 per cent. For the lower F- area, 40 per cent of tooth surfaces were free of fluorosis compared with only 22 per cent in the high F- area. Of the surfaces affected by fluorosis in the high F- area, 37 per cent scored in the categories 4-7, compared with 6 per cent in the lower F- area. This difference in severity was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). This study has shown that, in two areas with significantly different levels of fluoride in the water supply, the population prevalences of fluorosis were similar, but significant differences existed in severity. The World Health Organization 1984 guidelines for Drinking-water Quality recommend that 1.5 ppm F- is the maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water but this may not be appropriate for South Africa.
本文报告了南非夸恩德贝莱两个社区262名6至18岁学童乳牙、恒牙及牙面氟斑牙的患病率和严重程度。第一个社区饮用水中氟含量为8 - 9 ppm，第二个社区为0.6 - 1.6 ppm。采用氟斑牙牙面指数（TSIF）来衡量氟斑牙的程度。在两个地区，乳牙和恒牙的人群患病率均超过90%。在低氟地区，40%的牙面无氟斑牙，而高氟地区仅为22%。在高氟地区受氟斑牙影响的牙面中，37%的评分在4 - 7级，而低氟地区为6%。发现这种严重程度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。本研究表明，在供水氟含量显著不同的两个地区，氟斑牙的人群患病率相似，但严重程度存在显著差异。世界卫生组织1984年《饮用水质量准则》建议饮用水中氟的最大可接受浓度为1.5 ppm，但这可能不适用于南非。
