Plutchik R
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mentefiore Medical Center, New York, USA.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 1995 Oct;28 Suppl 2:47-57. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979620.
This paper examines the relations and interactions between suicidality and violence. It reviews the recent literature indicating that more than 40 variables have been identified as risk factors for suicide. Evidence is presented to indicate that the differences between suicide attempters and suicide completers are a matter of degree, and that most conclusions that apply to one also apply to the other. A review of the recent literature on violence revealed that 37 variables are risk factors for violence and that 23 of them are risk factors for suicide as well. Evidence indicates that at least 17 variables have been identified as protective factors that decrease the risk of both suicide and violence. These considerations and others have led to the development of a Two-Stage Model of Countervailing Forces that systematically relates suicide to violence.
本文探讨了自杀倾向与暴力行为之间的关系及相互作用。它回顾了近期的文献，这些文献表明已确定超过40个变量为自杀的风险因素。文中提供的证据表明，自杀未遂者和自杀成功者之间的差异只是程度问题，并且大多数适用于一方的结论也适用于另一方。对近期关于暴力行为的文献综述显示，有37个变量是暴力行为的风险因素，其中23个也是自杀的风险因素。证据表明，至少有17个变量已被确定为可降低自杀和暴力风险的保护因素。这些及其他因素促使了一种抵消力量两阶段模型的发展，该模型系统地将自杀与暴力联系起来。
