Felson D T
The Arthritis Center, Boston University, MA 02118, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Mar;63(3 Suppl):430S-432S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.3.430.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It increases in prevalence with age. About 5% of the US population is affected with hip or knee osteoarthritis; 9.5% of adults aged > 62 y have knee osteoarthritis. Because of its frequency and associated pain and disability, osteoarthritis accounts for much of the disability in lower extremities in the elderly. More than 70% of total hip and knee replacements are for osteoarthritis. Because osteoarthritis is so common, the modification of factors that increase osteoarthritis risk could prevent substantial pain and disability in the elderly and the use of costly health care services. Overweight persons are at high risk of osteoarthritis in the knee and probably also in the hips and hands. The mechanism by which overweight causes osteoarthritis is poorly understood; a contribution from both local increased force across the joint and systemic factors is likely. Better evidence is needed on the effects of weight loss, but preliminary studies suggest that weight loss can both prevent the onset of symptomatic disease and alleviate symptoms when present.
骨关节炎是最常见的关节炎形式。其患病率随年龄增长而增加。美国约5%的人口受髋部或膝部骨关节炎影响；62岁以上的成年人中有9.5%患有膝骨关节炎。由于其发病率以及相关的疼痛和残疾问题，骨关节炎是老年人下肢残疾的主要原因。超过70%的全髋关节和膝关节置换手术是针对骨关节炎的。由于骨关节炎非常常见，改变增加骨关节炎风险的因素可以预防老年人的大量疼痛和残疾，并减少昂贵医疗服务的使用。超重者患膝骨关节炎的风险很高，髋部和手部可能也如此。超重导致骨关节炎的机制尚不清楚；可能是关节局部受力增加和全身因素共同作用的结果。关于减肥效果还需要更多证据，但初步研究表明，减肥既能预防症状性疾病的发生，又能在出现症状时缓解症状。
