Hsu-Hage B H, Ibiebele T, Wahlqvist M L
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne.
Aust J Public Health. 1995 Dec;19(6):623-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00468.x.
Food intake patterns of 545 adult Melbourne Chinese were studied in 1988 and 1989 using a 220-item food-frequency questionnaire appropriate for Chinese eating practices. Men and women were compared, adjusting for age, time in Australia and education. Men consumed more rice and alcoholic beverages as energy. In women, the energy intake was derived from foods of traditional Chinese types. There were two types of consumption patterns: in the first group were those who acculturated towards an Australian way of eating by replacing some traditional Chinese foods, such as rice, pork, leafy green and cruciferous vegetables, soups and tea, with 'new foods', such as wheat products, red meats and coffee; in the second were those who limited their intake to a handful of traditional Chinese foods as the major source of energy. The educated, the professional and those with an administrative profession, the Australian-born and those with a longer length of stay fitted into the first group, and were more acculturated towards Australia than those born in the People's Republic of China or Vietnam and who migrated at an older age. The first group may benefit from the best of both worlds, but may risk the diseases of an industrialised society. The second group may be trapped at a cultural crossroads and may be unable to make appropriate food choices. Public health efforts in Australia, where one in every five is overseas-born, should provide for nutrition and health education for new and aged migrants of non-European cultural backgrounds.
1988年和1989年，采用一份适合中国饮食习惯的包含220个条目的食物频率问卷，对545名墨尔本成年华人的食物摄入模式进行了研究。对男性和女性进行了比较，并对年龄、在澳大利亚的居住时间和教育程度进行了调整。男性摄入更多的大米和酒精饮料作为能量来源。在女性中，能量摄入来自传统中式食物。存在两种消费模式：第一组是那些通过用“新食物”（如小麦制品、红肉和咖啡）取代一些传统中式食物（如大米、猪肉、绿叶蔬菜和十字花科蔬菜、汤和茶）来适应澳大利亚饮食方式的人；第二组是那些将摄入量限制在少数几种传统中式食物作为主要能量来源的人。受过教育的人、专业人士和从事行政职业的人、在澳大利亚出生的人以及居住时间较长的人属于第一组，他们比那些出生在中华人民共和国或越南且移民时年龄较大的人更适应澳大利亚的文化。第一组可能受益于两种文化的优点，但可能面临工业化社会的疾病风险。第二组可能被困在文化十字路口，可能无法做出合适的食物选择。在澳大利亚，每五个人中就有一个是海外出生的，公共卫生工作应该为非欧洲文化背景的新移民和老年移民提供营养和健康教育。
