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Targeted mutagenesis: analysis of phenotype without germ line transmission.定向诱变：不通过种系传递分析表型。
J Clin Invest. 1996 Mar 15;97(6):1360-5. doi: 10.1172/JCI118555.
2
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Production of germ-line chimeras in rainbow trout by blastomere transplantation.通过卵裂球移植在虹鳟鱼中产生种系嵌合体。
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F0 generation mice fully derived from gene-targeted embryonic stem cells allowing immediate phenotypic analyses.完全源自基因靶向胚胎干细胞的F0代小鼠可立即进行表型分析。
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Construction of gene-targeting vectors: a rapid Mu in vitro DNA transposition-based strategy generating null, potentially hypomorphic, and conditional alleles.基因靶向载体的构建：一种基于体外快速 Mu 转座的策略，可产生无效、可能的亚效和条件性等位基因。
Transgenic Res. 2001;10(1):69-80. doi: 10.1023/a:1008959231644.
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Placental cell fates are regulated in vivo by HIF-mediated hypoxia responses.胎盘细胞命运在体内受缺氧诱导因子（HIF）介导的缺氧反应调控。
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Demystified ... gene knockouts.揭秘……基因敲除。
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Targeted null-mutation in the vascular endothelial-cadherin gene impairs the organization of vascular-like structures in embryoid bodies.血管内皮钙黏蛋白基因的靶向无效突变会损害胚状体中血管样结构的组织。
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Chimeric mice carrying 'regional' targeted deletion of the angiotensin type 1A receptor gene. Evidence against the role for local angiotensin in the in vivo feedback regulation of renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells.携带血管紧张素1A受体基因“区域”靶向缺失的嵌合小鼠。关于局部血管紧张素在球旁细胞肾素合成体内反馈调节中作用的反对证据。
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本文引用的文献

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The receptor tyrosine kinase TIE is required for integrity and survival of vascular endothelial cells.受体酪氨酸激酶TIE是血管内皮细胞完整性和存活所必需的。
EMBO J. 1995 Dec 1;14(23):5884-91. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00276.x.
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In vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. New approaches to old problems.小鼠胚胎干细胞的体外分化。解决老问题的新方法。
J Clin Invest. 1996 Feb 1;97(3):591-5. doi: 10.1172/JCI118454.
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RAG-2-deficient blastocyst complementation: an assay of gene function in lymphocyte development.RAG-2缺陷型囊胚互补：淋巴细胞发育中基因功能的一种检测方法。
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Nodal is a novel TGF-beta-like gene expressed in the mouse node during gastrulation.Nodal是一种在原肠胚形成期小鼠原节中表达的新型TGF-β样基因。
Nature. 1993 Feb 11;361(6412):543-7. doi: 10.1038/361543a0.
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Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells.从早期传代胚胎干细胞中获得完全由细胞培养衍生的小鼠。
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Essential role of Mash-2 in extraembryonic development.Mash-2在胚外发育中的重要作用。
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An early haematopoietic defect in mice lacking the transcription factor GATA-2.缺乏转录因子GATA-2的小鼠早期造血缺陷。
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The winged-helix transcription factor HNF-3 beta is required for notochord development in the mouse embryo.有翼螺旋转录因子HNF-3β是小鼠胚胎脊索发育所必需的。
Cell. 1994 Aug 26;78(4):575-88. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90523-1.
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HNF-3 beta is essential for node and notochord formation in mouse development.肝细胞核因子3β对于小鼠发育过程中节点和脊索的形成至关重要。
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10
Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting.利用细胞类型特异性基因靶向技术删除T细胞中的DNA聚合酶β基因片段。
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定向诱变：不通过种系传递分析表型。

Targeted mutagenesis: analysis of phenotype without germ line transmission.

作者信息

Nagy A, Rossant J

机构信息

Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

出版信息

J Clin Invest. 1996 Mar 15;97(6):1360-5. doi: 10.1172/JCI118555.

DOI:10.1172/JCI118555
PMID:8617866
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC507193/
Abstract

The available techniques for directed gene manipulation in the mouse are unprecedented in any multicellular organism and make the mouse an invaluable tool for unraveling all aspects of mammalian biology. To realize fully the potential of these genetic tools requires that phenotypic analysis be efficient, rapid, and complete. Genetic chimeras and mosaics, in which mutant cells are mixed with wild-type cells, can be used to augment standard analysis of intact mutant animals and alleviate the time required and the expense involved in generating and maintaining multiple strains of mutant mice.

摘要

在任何多细胞生物中，现有的小鼠定向基因操作技术都是前所未有的，这使得小鼠成为揭示哺乳动物生物学各个方面的宝贵工具。要充分发挥这些遗传工具的潜力，需要高效、快速且全面的表型分析。遗传嵌合体和镶嵌体，即突变细胞与野生型细胞混合，可以用来加强对完整突变动物的标准分析，并减少生成和维持多株突变小鼠所需的时间和费用。