Family environment predictors of outcome in schizophrenic patients in Spain: a nine-month follow-up study.

This study investigates the effects of perceived family environment on clinical outcome among patients in Spain who suffer from schizophrenia. Forty-five consecutively admitted DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients were assessed monthly with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale during a 9-month period. Patients and parents rated the family environment through the Family Environment Scale (FES). FES factors were considered separately for each family member, since parents' and patient's perceptions of the family environment were weakly correlated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that patients' perceptions of family control and intellectual-cultural orientation predicted rehospitalization. Patients' and mothers' ratings of family control and fathers' scores of conflict and moral religious emphasis predicted psychotic relapse. However, fathers' scores of family cohesion predicted higher negative symptoms. Prior admissions, age of onset and use of depot medication tended to predict outcome in conjunction with the family variables.