Nutritional consequences of radiotherapy.

Curative doses of radiotherapy, when directed to any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, may result in serious nutritional consequences from the effects of radiation on the altered function of normal tissues. Symptoms from radiotherapy resulting in nutritional alterations are usually dependent upon dose, time, and fractionation of radiation administered, and the volume included in the treatment field. These effects directly related to radiation may be enhanced by other associated cancer therapy, e.g., surgery or chemotherapy. Careful observation and prompt attention to supportive therapy are mandatory to minimize the nutritional consequences of radiation injury. Well-designed clinical trials are necessary to demonstrate any possible increased tolerance to radiation therapy and the preventative benefits of nutritional support.