Byrd R S, Weitzman M, Doniger A S
Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996 May;150(5):470-6. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170300024006.
To determine whether students older than most other students at their grade level ("old for grade") are more likely to report engaging in alcohol, tobacco, and drug-related behaviors.
Cross-sectional analyses of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
Monroe County, New York.
A total of 1396 high school students from selected classrooms; 68 classrooms randomly selected within schools with the number of students per school proportionally selected from the 28 schools in the county.
Rates of drug-related behaviors by age-for-grade status.
Thirty-six percent of adolescents surveyed were old for grade. Adjusting for multiple potential confounders, old-for-grade high school students were more likely to report being regular smokers, chewing tobacco, drinking alcoholic beverages, driving in a car with someone who had been drinking, using alcohol or other drugs before last sexual intercourse, using cocaine in the past month, ever using crack, and using injected or other illicit drugs.
Old-for-grade status is a potentially important marker for drug-related behaviors in adolescents. The antecedents of adolescent risk-taking behavior may begin before the teen years, and prevention of school failure or interventions targeted toward old-for-grade children could affect their propensity to experiment with or use drugs during adolescence.
确定在同年级学生中年龄偏大（“相对年级年龄大”）的学生是否更有可能报告有饮酒、吸烟和与毒品相关的行为。
对疾病控制与预防中心青少年风险行为调查进行横断面分析。
纽约门罗县。
从选定教室中选取的1396名高中生；在各学校内随机选取68间教室，每个学校的学生数量按比例从该县28所学校中选取。
按相对年级年龄状况划分的与毒品相关行为的发生率。
接受调查的青少年中有36%相对年级年龄大。在对多个潜在混杂因素进行调整后，相对年级年龄大的高中生更有可能报告自己是经常吸烟者、咀嚼烟草者、饮酒者、乘坐过酒驾者驾驶的汽车、在最后一次性交前使用过酒精或其他毒品、在过去一个月内使用过可卡因、曾使用过快克，以及使用过注射或其他非法毒品。
相对年级年龄大是青少年与毒品相关行为的一个潜在重要标志。青少年冒险行为的先兆可能在青少年时期之前就已出现，预防学业失败或针对相对年级年龄大的儿童进行干预可能会影响他们在青春期尝试或使用毒品的倾向。
