Kaufman Joy S, Jaser Sarah S, Vaughan Ellen L, Reynolds Jesse S, Di Donato John, Bernard Stanley N, Hernandez-Brereton Maria
Yale University.
University of Indiana.
J Posit Behav Interv. 2010 Jan;12(1):44-54. doi: 10.1177/1098300708329710.
Research supports that office referral data is useful in informing programmatic decisions and in planning interventions such as Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS). Knowledge of the different patterns of office referrals may facilitate the development of interventions that are targeted to specific groups of students. This study examines patterns in office referrals within an urban district by gender, race/ethnicity and grade. Findings reveal that there are clear differences by grade that appear to be related to developmental level, with greater numbers of referrals for aggression in younger students (grades K-8), greater numbers of referrals for disrespectful behavior in middle school students (grades 7-8), and greater numbers of referrals for attendance problems in high school students. There were also gender differences in the rate and type of referrals, with significantly more referrals for boys' delinquent and aggressive behavior than girls, which may relate to how schools define unacceptable behavior and the method used to collect this data. Finally, there were differences by race/ethnicity, in that there were significantly more referrals for African American/black students than Hispanic students, which suggest that schools need to consider students' racial/ethnic background in the development of behavioral expectations.
研究表明，校内转介数据有助于为项目决策提供信息，并有助于规划诸如积极行为干预与支持（PBIS）等干预措施。了解不同的校内转介模式可能有助于制定针对特定学生群体的干预措施。本研究按性别、种族/族裔和年级考察了一个城区内的校内转介模式。研究结果显示，各年级之间存在明显差异，这似乎与发展水平有关，低年级学生（幼儿园至8年级）因攻击行为被转介的人数较多，中学生（7至8年级）因不尊重行为被转介的人数较多，高中生因出勤问题被转介的人数较多。在转介率和转介类型方面也存在性别差异，男生因违规和攻击行为被转介的人数明显多于女生，这可能与学校对不可接受行为的定义以及收集该数据所采用的方法有关。最后，在种族/族裔方面也存在差异，非裔美国/黑人学生被转介的人数明显多于西班牙裔学生，这表明学校在制定行为期望时需要考虑学生的种族/族裔背景。
