Møller H, Skakkebaek N E
Centre for Research in Health and Social Statistics, Danish National Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Cancer. 1996 May 3;66(3):287-93. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960503)66:3<287::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-V.
To explore risk factors for testicular cancer and cryptorchidism, 2 parallel case-control studies were conducted in Denmark. The testicular-cancer study was population-based and included 514 cases and 720 controls. The cryptorchidism study included 387 cases and 416 controls and was based on 2 hospital series of men treated for cryptorchidism and a control group sampled among residents in the Copenhagen area. The 2037 men were interviewed by telephone, and self-administered questionnaires were sent to their mothers. A strong association was seen between low social class and cryptorchidism, with sons of unskilled workers having a 3-fold higher risk of cryptorchidism than sons of self-employed men. Testicular cancer was only moderately associated with high-social-class indicators, and only with such indicators pertaining to the mother. Both testicular cancer and cryptorchidism tended to occur more frequently in first-born men and in sons of older women but these associations were not statistically significant. Late puberty was associated with reduced risk of testicular cancer. The effect of age at puberty may be due both to advanced age at diagnosis and to the existence of common determinants of age at puberty and testicular cancer. Men who had been treated for cryptorchidism entered puberty later than other men, possibly because of impaired hormonal function of the testes. There was no indication of increased risk of testicular cancer or cryptorchidism in sons of mothers who smoked around the time of conception or during the pregnancy.
为探究睾丸癌和隐睾症的风险因素，在丹麦开展了两项平行的病例对照研究。睾丸癌研究以人群为基础，包括514例病例和720名对照。隐睾症研究包括387例病例和416名对照，基于两组接受隐睾症治疗的男性医院系列病例以及从哥本哈根地区居民中抽取的一个对照组。通过电话对这2037名男性进行了访谈，并向他们的母亲发送了自填式问卷。低社会阶层与隐睾症之间存在很强的关联，非技术工人的儿子患隐睾症的风险是个体经营者儿子的3倍。睾丸癌仅与高社会阶层指标存在中度关联，且仅与母亲的此类指标有关。睾丸癌和隐睾症在头胎男性和年龄较大女性的儿子中往往更频繁地发生，但这些关联无统计学意义。青春期延迟与睾丸癌风险降低有关。青春期年龄的影响可能既归因于诊断时的年龄较大，也归因于青春期年龄和睾丸癌存在共同的决定因素。接受过隐睾症治疗的男性比其他男性进入青春期的时间更晚，这可能是由于睾丸激素功能受损。没有迹象表明在受孕时或怀孕期间吸烟的母亲的儿子患睾丸癌或隐睾症的风险增加。
