Aseffa A, Yohannes G
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Ethiopia.
East Afr Med J. 1996 Jan;73(1):67-71.
The prevalence and sensitivity pattern of common bacterial isolates from clinical specimens processed over one year in the bacteriology laboratory of a teaching hospital in north-west Ethiopia was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and other enteric Gram-negative rods were the predominant pathogens cultured. Klebsiella species were responsible for a nosocomial outbreak among children in the year. The majority of the strains, irrespective of genera, were resistant to tetracycline (> 60%), co-trimoxazole (> 55%) and chloramphenicol (> 45%). Resistance to ampicillin was seen in > 60% of isolates other than S. aureus. Sensitivity to gentamicin was high (> 89%) among S. aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas strains. Isolates of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus were the least sensitive to the aminoglycoside. A multiplicity of antibiograms and predominance of certain multiresistant strains was observed for the prevalent species. Comparison made with reports from elsewhere in Ethiopia indicates that resistance to the commonly available (and cheaper) broad-spectrum antibiotics is a nationwide problem. A suggestion is made to enforce rational drug use before potent antibiotics are introduced under prescriber pressure.
对埃塞俄比亚西北部一家教学医院细菌学实验室一年内处理的临床标本中常见细菌分离株的流行情况和敏感性模式进行了调查。金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和其他肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌是培养出的主要病原体。克雷伯菌属在当年导致了儿童医院感染暴发。大多数菌株，无论属种，对四环素（>60%）、复方新诺明（>55%）和氯霉素（>45%）耐药。除金黄色葡萄球菌外，>60%的分离株对氨苄西林耐药。金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和假单胞菌菌株对庆大霉素的敏感性较高（>89%）。克雷伯菌、肠杆菌和变形杆菌分离株对氨基糖苷类药物最不敏感。观察到流行菌种存在多种抗菌谱和某些多重耐药菌株占主导地位的情况。与埃塞俄比亚其他地方的报告进行比较表明，对常用（且较便宜）的广谱抗生素耐药是一个全国性问题。建议在处方压力下引入强效抗生素之前，先加强合理用药。
