Kraabel B J, Miller M W, Getzy D M, Ringelman J K
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins 80526, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1996 Jan;32(1):1-8. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-32.1.1.
We assessed the potential for embedded steel and tungsten-bismuth-tin (TBT) shot to adversely affect health of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Ducks were implanted with three number four steel (n = 19) or TBT (n = 20) shot pellets in their pectoral muscles. None of seven hematology parameters measured differed in response to treatment (P > or = 0.17). At necropsy 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk posttreatment, we observed only localized tissue reactions to embedded steel or TBT shot. Reactions differed grossly: after wk 1, embedded steel shot were enveloped in 0.5 to 2 mm grayish capsules, whereas TBT shot were surrounded by thinner (< 0.5 mm), translucent capsules. Corrosion of steel shot was apparent. Microscopic lesions associated with steel shot were characterized by moderate to severe histiocytic and lymphocytic inflammation and considerable particle deposition, whereas histiocytic inflammation was mild and particle deposition minimal in TBT lesions. Overall scores of inflammation at steel shot implant sites were greater (P < or = 0.043) than at TBT sites during wk 1 and 8. Inflammation at steel implant sites was relatively consistent over the 8-wk period, but decreased (P = 0.0017) at TBT sites by wk 8. Weights of steel shot recovered from muscle tissue declined logarithmically (R2 = 0.978, P = 0.0014) over 8 wk, but TBT shot weights remained unchanged (P = 0.255). Embedded TBT shot, as compared to steel, resisted corrosion and induced comparatively mild inflammatory responses in mallard muscle tissue. However, inflammatory reactions to both embedded steel and TBT shot were localized and had no detectable systemic effects on mallard health under experimental conditions.
我们评估了嵌入的钢丸和钨铋锡（TBT）弹丸对绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）健康产生不利影响的可能性。在鸭子的胸肌中植入了三枚四号钢丸（n = 19）或TBT弹丸（n = 20）。所测量的七个血液学参数中，没有一个因处理方式不同而出现差异（P≥0.17）。在处理后1、2、4和8周进行尸检时，我们仅观察到对嵌入的钢丸或TBT弹丸的局部组织反应。反应在大体上有所不同：在第1周后，嵌入的钢丸被包裹在0.5至2毫米的灰色胶囊中，而TBT弹丸被较薄（<0.5毫米）的半透明胶囊包围。钢丸的腐蚀很明显。与钢丸相关的微观病变的特征是中度至重度组织细胞和淋巴细胞炎症以及大量颗粒沉积，而在TBT病变中，组织细胞炎症较轻且颗粒沉积极少。在第1周和第8周期间，钢丸植入部位的炎症总体评分高于TBT部位（P≤0.043）。钢植入部位的炎症在8周期间相对一致，但到第8周时，TBT部位的炎症有所减轻（P = 0.0017）。从肌肉组织中回收的钢丸重量在8周内呈对数下降（R2 = 0.978，P = 0.0014），但TBT弹丸重量保持不变（P = 0.255）。与钢相比，嵌入的TBT弹丸抗腐蚀，并且在绿头鸭肌肉组织中引起相对较轻的炎症反应。然而，在实验条件下，对嵌入的钢丸和TBT弹丸的炎症反应都是局部的，并且对绿头鸭健康没有可检测到的全身影响。
