Mulei C M, Gitau G K, Mbuthia P G
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1995 Sep;62(3):181-5.
A total of 345 calf carcases of mainly dairy breeds from the farms around Kabete area were examined at the post-mortem facility in the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, over a 10-year period (1980-1989). About 46.8% of the total deaths took place within the first 2 months, 31.8% of them in the first month and 13.3% in the first 2 weeks. In 23 cases (6.7%) no specific cause of death was determined. The major causes of death were diseases of the alimentary tract (31.3%)--mainly gastroenteritis (76/108) due to colibacillosis, salmonellosis, coccidiosis and helminthiasis, and bloat (20/108). The other major causes of death were diseases of the respiratory tract (16.8%)--mainly pneumonia (42/58), and tick-borne diseases (13.3%)--mainly east coast fever (ECF) (37/46). The alimentary and respiratory diseases were most common in the 1-30 d age group. The other causes of death occurred in the following frequencies: musculoskeletal system (7.0%), septicaemia (6.7%), malnutrition (6.1%), cardiovascular system (3.7%), nervous system (3.2%), liver (2.6%) and poisoning (2.6%).
在10年期间（1980 - 1989年），对内罗毕大学兽医病理学与微生物学系的尸检设施中来自卡贝特地区周边农场的总共345头主要为奶牛品种的犊牛尸体进行了检查。总死亡数中约46.8%发生在头2个月内，其中31.8%发生在第一个月，13.3%发生在头2周内。在23例（6.7%）中未确定具体死因。主要死因是消化道疾病（31.3%）——主要是由大肠杆菌病、沙门氏菌病、球虫病和蠕虫病引起的肠胃炎（76/108）以及臌胀（20/108）。其他主要死因是呼吸道疾病（16.8%）——主要是肺炎（42/58），以及蜱传疾病（13.3%）——主要是东海岸热（ECF）（37/46）。消化道和呼吸道疾病在1至30日龄组最为常见。其他死因的发生频率如下：肌肉骨骼系统（7.0%）、败血症（6.7%）、营养不良（6.1%）、心血管系统（3.7%）、神经系统（3.2%）、肝脏（2.6%）和中毒（2.6%）。
