Focus on quantitative methods. Determining cut-off scores.

The major methods for determining cut-off scores for certification and licensing examinations, and other criterion-referenced tests that result in pass/fail decisions, are described. Two major categories of methods are available: examination-centered and examinee-centered. Particular emphasis is given to the widely used Angoff (1971) method, and its common modifications. Some of the outstanding procedural and statistical issues are briefly discussed, including the need for more attention given to determining cut-off scores for measures used in clinical and research settings.