Early T E, Charbonneau J, McKnight G, Jenkins P
J Post Anesth Nurs. 1995 Dec;10(6):320-3.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side effects after surgery and have numerous patient factors and etiologies. Although self-limiting, PONV is not without risks and complications. In the past numerous antiemetics have been used successfully in the management of PONV; however, these drugs are associated with adverse effects. Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist that is effective in preventing and treating PONV. It is believed that ondansetron binds at the serotonin receptor both in the vagal afferents of the gastrointestinal tract and in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. The reported side effects from ondansetron are minor compared with those of the more commonly used antiemetics such as droperidol and metoclopramide and include headache, dizziness, musculoskeletal pain, drowsiness and sedation, and shivers.
术后恶心呕吐（PONV）是手术后常见的副作用，有众多患者因素和病因。虽然PONV是自限性的，但并非没有风险和并发症。过去，众多止吐药已成功用于PONV的治疗；然而，这些药物都有不良反应。昂丹司琼是一种5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂，对预防和治疗PONV有效。据信，昂丹司琼在胃肠道迷走神经传入纤维和化学感受器触发区的5-羟色胺受体处结合。与更常用的止吐药如氟哌利多和甲氧氯普胺相比，昂丹司琼报告的副作用较小，包括头痛、头晕、肌肉骨骼疼痛、嗜睡和镇静以及寒战。
