Drews C D, Murphy C C, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decouflé P
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Apr;97(4):547-53.
Smoking has been linked to small cognitive, achievement, and behavioral deficits but has not been associated with more severe cognitive impairments. This investigation evaluated the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and idiopathic mental retardation (MR).
Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained during face-to-face interviews with the mothers of 221 children with idiopathic MR and the mothers of 400 children attending public school. All children had been born in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area in 1975 or 1976 and were living in the area when they were 10 years of age. We used exposure odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between maternal smoking and MR, controlling for sex, maternal age at delivery, race, maternal education, economic status, parity, and alcohol use.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with slightly more than a 50% increase in the prevalence of idiopathic MR (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4), and children whose mothers smoked at least one pack a day during pregnancy had more than a 75% increase in the occurrence of idiopathic MR (OR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.4). This increase was neither accounted for by other sociodemographic risk factors for MR nor explained by an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight among the children of smokers.
Our data suggest that maternal smoking may be a preventable cause of mental retardation.
吸烟已被证明与轻微的认知、学业和行为缺陷有关，但尚未发现与更严重的认知障碍相关。本研究评估了孕期母亲吸烟与特发性智力迟钝（MR）之间的关系。
在对221名特发性MR患儿的母亲和400名公立学校儿童的母亲进行面对面访谈时，获取了孕期母亲吸烟的数据。所有儿童均于1975年或1976年出生在亚特兰大大都市地区的五个县，并在10岁时居住在该地区。我们使用暴露比值比（OR）来评估母亲吸烟与MR之间的关系，并对性别、母亲分娩时的年龄、种族、母亲教育程度、经济状况、产次和饮酒情况进行了控制。
孕期母亲吸烟与特发性MR患病率增加略超过50%相关（调整后的OR为1.6；95%置信区间为1.0 - 2.4），孕期母亲每天至少吸一包烟的儿童，特发性MR的发生率增加超过75%（OR为1.9；95%置信区间为1.0 - 3.4）。这种增加既不能用其他MR的社会人口学危险因素来解释，也不能用吸烟母亲的孩子中低出生体重患病率的增加来解释。
我们的数据表明，母亲吸烟可能是智力迟钝的一个可预防原因。
