Kogelnik H D
Institute of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, LKA Salzburg, Austria.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 May 1;35(2):219-26. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(96)00024-7.
Austria has a longstanding and eventful history in the field of radiotherapy and radiation oncology. The founder of radiotherapy, Leopold Freund, began his well-documented first therapeutic irradiation on November 24, 1896, in Vienna. He also wrote the first textbook of radiotherapy in 1903. Further outstanding Viennese pioneers in the field of radiotherapy, radiobiology, radiation physics, and diagnostic radiology include Gottwald Schwarz, Robert Kienböck, and Guido Holzknecht. Because many of the leading Austrian radiologists had to emigrate in 1938, irreparable damage occurred at that time for the medical speciality of radiology. After World War II, the recovery in the field of radiotherapy and radiation oncology started in Austria in the early sixties. Eleven radiotherapy centers have been established since that time, and an independent society for radio-oncology, radiobiology, and medical radiophysics was founded in 1984. Finally, in March 1994, radiotherapy-radio-oncology became a separate clinical specialty.
奥地利在放射治疗和放射肿瘤学领域有着悠久且丰富的历史。放射治疗的创始人利奥波德·弗罗因德于1896年11月24日在维也纳开始了他有详细记录的首次治疗性照射。他还在1903年撰写了第一本放射治疗教科书。放射治疗、放射生物学、放射物理学和诊断放射学领域的其他杰出维也纳先驱包括戈特瓦尔德·施瓦茨、罗伯特·金博克和圭多·霍尔茨克内希特。由于许多奥地利顶尖放射学家在1938年不得不移民，当时放射学这一医学专业遭受了无法弥补的损失。第二次世界大战后，奥地利的放射治疗和放射肿瘤学领域在60年代初开始复苏。自那时起已建立了11个放射治疗中心，并于1984年成立了一个放射肿瘤学、放射生物学和医学放射物理学独立协会。最后，1994年3月，放射治疗 - 放射肿瘤学成为一个独立的临床专业。
