Kogelnik H D
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1998 May 8;110(9):313-20.
Radiotherapy was founded as a new scientific specialty by the Viennese physician Leopold Freund 100 years ago. Freund provided the world's first scientific proof of the biological effectiveness of x-rays and performed the first successful treatment with these new rays on a 5-year old girl suffering from a huge nevus pigmentosus pilosus (hairy nevus) on her back. Before Freund's historical three experimental x-ray treatments (the first of these began on November 24, 1896, in Vienna) there had been earlier attempts and suggestions to apply x-rays therapeutically during 1896. However, none of these previous therapeutic attempts was successful. Also, there was no scientific proof of the biological effectiveness of x-rays among the therapeutic attempts which preceded Freund's fundamental x-ray treatments. Modern radiotherapy and radiation oncology contribute towards nearly one half of all cancer cures. Two thirds of cancer patients need the help of radiation oncology, and this scientific specialty is, thus, the most frequently used treatment modality in the management of tumor patients.
100年前，维也纳医生利奥波德·弗罗因德创立了放射治疗这一新兴科学专业。弗罗因德提供了世界上首个关于X射线生物有效性的科学证据，并首次成功地用这些新射线治疗了一名5岁背部患有巨大多毛色素痣的女孩。在弗罗因德进行具有历史意义的三次X射线实验性治疗之前（第一次于1896年11月24日在维也纳开始），1896年期间就已经有过将X射线用于治疗的早期尝试和建议。然而，之前的这些治疗尝试均未成功。而且，在弗罗因德进行基础性X射线治疗之前的治疗尝试中，也没有关于X射线生物有效性的科学证据。现代放射治疗和放射肿瘤学对所有癌症治愈病例的贡献接近一半。三分之二的癌症患者需要放射肿瘤学的帮助，因此，这一科学专业是肿瘤患者管理中最常用的治疗方式。
