Anatomy of the antennal motoneurons in the brain of the honeybee (Apis mellifera).

This paper describes the morphology and location of the cerebral motoneurons that control the movement of the antennae in the honeybee. The position of each antenna is controlled by two muscle systems; the basal segment (scape) is moved by four muscles within the head capsule, and two muscles within the scape control the distal segments (flagellum) of the antenna. The motor system of the scape is controlled by nine motoneurons, and that of the flagellum by six motoneurons. All of these motoneurons share the dorsal lobe as a common projection area where their dendritic fields overlap extensively. These motoneurons do not have contralateral projections. The cell bodies of the antennal motoneurons are located in the soma layer lateral to the dorsal lobe. The somata for each muscle system are arranged in three clusters; two clusters are located in a region of the cortex dorsal to the dorsal lobe and one cluster is located in the cortex ventral to the dorsal lobe. In the cortex dorsal to the dorsal lobe, one cluster of each muscle system shares the same region. Altogether five groups of cell bodies can be distinguished. Double labeling of the motoneurons and presumptive mechanosensory primary antennal afferents with fluorescent dyes has shown that there is an extensive overlap of axonal projections of antennal mechanosensory afferents with dendritic fields of antennal motoneurons.