Chapman G B
Department of Medical Education (M/C 591), University of Illinois at Chicago 60612-7309, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1996 May;22(3):771-91. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.3.771.
In 3 experiments, choices for hypothetical amounts of future health and money showed that, contrary to normative discounted utility theory, the temporal discount rate, or annual percentage increase in value needed to offset a delay, differed for the 2 domains. Domain independence, defined as the low correlation between health and money discount rates relative to the consistency within each domain, was not due to different utility functions for health and money. Consistent with other research, these results suggest that decision domain affects the cognitive processes used. Despite this domain difference, there were some similarities between the 2 domains. Both health and money decisions revealed that discount rates were larger for short delays, small magnitudes, and gains as compared with losses.
在3项实验中，针对未来健康状况和金钱的假设数量所做的选择表明，与规范的折扣效用理论相反，时间折扣率（即抵消延迟所需的价值年增长率）在这两个领域有所不同。领域独立性被定义为健康和金钱折扣率之间的低相关性（相对于每个领域内的一致性），它并非源于健康和金钱的效用函数不同。与其他研究一致，这些结果表明决策领域会影响所使用的认知过程。尽管存在这种领域差异，但这两个领域之间仍有一些相似之处。健康和金钱决策都表明，与损失相比，短期延迟、小额数量和收益的折扣率更大。
