Logan B K
Washington State Toxicology Lab, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98134, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 1996 May;41(3):457-64.
Following a review of the effects of methamphetamine on human performance, actual driving and behavior were evaluated in 28 cases in which drivers arrested or killed in traffic accidents had tested positive for methamphetamine. The circumstances surrounding the arrest or accident were examined, together with any observations by the arresting officer regarding behavioral irregularities. The investigators also made a determination of culpability. Most of the arrests resulted from accidents in which the driver was determined to be culpable. Typical driving behaviors included drifting out of the lane of travel, erratic driving, weaving, speeding, drifting off the road, and high speed collisions. Behavioral manifestations of methamphetamine use in arrestees included rapid or confused speech, rapid pulse, agitation, paranoia, dilated pupils, violet or aggressive attitude. Combined alcohol and methamphetamine use was uncommon, however use of marijuana was evident in about one third of the cases. In addition to impairing judgment and increasing risk taking, the effects of withdrawal from methamphetamine use including fatigue, hypersomnnolence, and depression are likely contributors to many of these accidents. A consideration of the literature and the cases discussed here, leads to the conclusion that methamphetamine at any concentration is likely to produce symptoms that are inconsistent with safe driving.
在回顾了甲基苯丙胺对人类行为表现的影响后，对28例在交通事故中被捕或死亡且甲基苯丙胺检测呈阳性的司机的实际驾驶情况和行为进行了评估。调查了逮捕或事故发生时的相关情况，以及逮捕官员对行为异常的任何观察结果。调查人员还确定了罪责。大多数逮捕是由于司机被认定有罪的事故导致的。典型的驾驶行为包括偏离行驶车道、驾驶不稳定、蛇形行驶、超速、驶离道路以及高速碰撞。被捕者使用甲基苯丙胺后的行为表现包括语速过快或语无伦次、脉搏加快、激动、偏执、瞳孔放大、情绪暴躁或有攻击性。同时使用酒精和甲基苯丙胺的情况并不常见，但约三分之一的案例中明显存在使用大麻的情况。除了损害判断力和增加冒险行为外，甲基苯丙胺戒断的影响，包括疲劳、嗜睡和抑郁，可能也是导致许多此类事故的原因。综合考虑相关文献和此处讨论的案例，得出的结论是，任何浓度的甲基苯丙胺都可能产生与安全驾驶不符的症状。
