Rivara F P, Grossman D C
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle 98104, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Jun;97(6 Pt 1):791-7.
To describe the changes in injury mortality from 1978 to 1991 and determine the number of preventable deaths with currently available intervention strategies.
Comparison of injury mortality data for children and adolescents 0 to 19 years in 1978 and 1991. Review of the literature to determine the effectiveness of currently available prevention strategies and application of these to deaths in 1991.
The injury death rate declined by 26% over the 14-year period. Death rates of unintentional injuries decreased by 39%, with declines in all categories of unintentional injuries. Homicides increased by 67% and suicides by 17%; nearly all of this increase was in deaths from firearms. If currently available prevention strategies were fully used, 6640 deaths could have been prevented, a further 31% decrease.
Although great studies have been made in preventing deaths from trauma, the application of currently available prevention strategies could save a large number of additional lives. However, the increasing problem of intentional injury will partly counterbalance the success in unintentional injury control.
描述1978年至1991年期间伤害死亡率的变化，并确定采用当前可用干预策略可预防的死亡人数。
比较1978年和1991年0至19岁儿童及青少年的伤害死亡率数据。查阅文献以确定当前可用预防策略的有效性，并将其应用于1991年的死亡案例。
在这14年期间，伤害死亡率下降了26%。意外伤害死亡率下降了39%，各类意外伤害死亡率均有所下降。杀人案死亡率上升了67%，自杀案死亡率上升了17%；几乎所有这些增长都来自枪支致死。如果充分采用当前可用的预防策略，可预防6640例死亡，即进一步降低31%。
尽管在预防创伤死亡方面已取得很大进展，但采用当前可用的预防策略可挽救大量额外生命。然而，故意伤害问题的日益严重将部分抵消意外伤害控制方面的成效。
