Bruce B, McGrath P
Dalhousie University, Faculty of Graduate Studies, IWK Health Centre, Canada.
Inj Prev. 2005 Jun;11(3):143-7. doi: 10.1136/ip.2004.007971.
This systematic review examined group based injury prevention interventions that targeted young children to determine the effectiveness of such strategies in enhancing children's safety behaviors.
A comprehensive (manual and electronic) search of the literature was performed using the following study selection criteria: (1) intervention engaged children under the age of 6 years; (2) included a control group; (3) used a group intervention approach; (4) study written in English language; (5) addressed unintentional injuries; and (6) outcomes included injuries, knowledge, or safety behaviors. Data abstraction was performed independently by two researchers using a standardized approach.
Nine studies met the criteria that included safety interventions of road crossing (4), car restraint (2), spinal cord safety (1), poison safety (1), and 911/stranger danger/street crossing (1). The types of interventions included videos, interactive activities, cartoons, stories, puppets, singing, coloring, games, simulation games, demonstrations, modeling/role playing, and rehearsal practice using seat belts, models, and real street crossing. The intensity and duration of interventions varied substantially and only two studies randomly assigned participants. The review revealed a positive effect (knowledge, behaviour, and/or attitude) for five of the studies, three had mixed effect, and one reported no effect.
Although no clear conclusions can be drawn from the limited number of studies of diverse design and rigor, researchers should attempt to minimize shortcomings occurring in community based research. Engaging community partners including teachers and parents who influence relationships and outcomes could provide opportunity for more rigorous, comprehensive, and integrated approach to longitudinal research that could identify key factors of successful strategies.
本系统评价研究了针对幼儿的基于群体的伤害预防干预措施，以确定这些策略在增强儿童安全行为方面的有效性。
采用以下研究选择标准对文献进行全面（手动和电子）检索：（1）干预针对6岁以下儿童；（2）包括对照组；（3）采用群体干预方法；（4）研究用英文撰写；（5）涉及意外伤害；（6）结果包括伤害、知识或安全行为。两名研究人员使用标准化方法独立进行数据提取。
九项研究符合标准，包括过马路安全干预（4项）、汽车约束安全干预（2项）、脊髓安全干预（1项）、中毒安全干预（1项）以及911/陌生人危险/过马路安全干预（1项）。干预类型包括视频、互动活动、卡通、故事、木偶、唱歌、涂色、游戏、模拟游戏、演示、示范/角色扮演以及使用安全带、模型和实际过马路的排练练习。干预的强度和持续时间差异很大，只有两项研究对参与者进行了随机分配。该评价显示，五项研究有积极效果（知识、行为和/或态度方面），三项有混合效果，一项报告无效果。
尽管从数量有限、设计和严谨程度各异的研究中无法得出明确结论，但研究人员应努力尽量减少社区研究中出现的缺陷。让包括教师和家长在内的社区合作伙伴参与进来，他们会影响关系和结果，这可能为更严谨、全面和综合的纵向研究方法提供机会，从而确定成功策略的关键因素。
