Thess A, Lee R, Nikolaev P, Dai H, Petit P, Robert J, Xu C, Lee YH, Kim SG, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Scuseria GE, Tomanek D, Fischer JE, Smalley RE
A. Thess, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, C. Xu, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, R. E. Smalley, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice Quantum Institute, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Mail Stop 100, Rice University, Post Office Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA. R. Lee and J. E. Fischer, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6272, USA. P. Petit and J. Robert, Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, D. Tomanek, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA.
Science. 1996 Jul 26;273(5274):483-7. doi: 10.1126/science.273.5274.483.
Fullerene single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) were produced in yields of more than 70 percent by condensation of a laser-vaporized carbon-nickel-cobalt mixture at 1200degreesC. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy showed that these SWNTs are nearly uniform in diameter and that they self-organize into "ropes," which consist of 100 to 500 SWNTs in a two-dimensional triangular lattice with a lattice constant of 17 angstroms. The x-ray form factor is consistent with that of uniformly charged cylinders 13.8 +/- 0.2 angstroms in diameter. The ropes were metallic, with a single-rope resistivity of <10(-4) ohm-centimeters at 300 kelvin. The uniformity of SWNT diameter is attributed to the efficient annealing of an initial fullerene tubelet kept open by a few metal atoms; the optimum diameter is determined by competition between the strain energy of curvature of the graphene sheet and the dangling-bond energy of the open edge, where growth occurs. These factors strongly favor the metallic (10,10) tube with C5v symmetry and an open edge stabilized by triple bonds.
通过在1200摄氏度下冷凝激光蒸发的碳 - 镍 - 钴混合物，富勒烯单壁纳米管（SWNTs）的产率超过70%。X射线衍射和电子显微镜显示，这些SWNTs的直径几乎均匀，并且它们自组装成“绳索”，这些“绳索”由100至500个SWNTs组成，呈二维三角晶格排列，晶格常数为17埃。X射线形状因子与直径为13.8±0.2埃的均匀带电圆柱体一致。这些绳索是金属性的，在300开尔文时单绳索电阻率<10^(-4) 欧姆 - 厘米。SWNT直径的均匀性归因于由几个金属原子保持开放的初始富勒烯小管的有效退火；最佳直径由石墨烯片的曲率应变能与开放边缘（生长发生的地方）的悬空键能之间的竞争决定。这些因素强烈有利于具有C5v对称性且开放边缘由三键稳定的金属性（10,10）管。
