Keil W, Forster A, Meyer H J, Peschel O
Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.
Int J Legal Med. 1995;108(3):140-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01844825.
Haemorrhages at the periostal-clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscles were found in 52 out of 54 cases of death by hanging. This cervical haemorrhage is most frequently found in death by hanging, but only seldomly seen in other causes of death and can therefore be regarded as being typical for death by hanging. The frequency of this finding on the side of the highest point of the ligature mark is significantly higher, thereby supporting the hypothesis of extension as the causative mechanism. External cardiac massage and assisted breathing have no influence on the occurrence of haemorrhages. Histology shows the haemorrhages to be mainly directly epiperiostal, however, many cases displayed concurrent sub- and intraperiostal extravasations. Artificial post mortem production of these findings is discussed in the light of the literature.
在54例缢死案例中，有52例在胸锁乳突肌的锁骨骨膜起始处发现出血。这种颈部出血在缢死中最为常见，但在其他死因中很少见，因此可被视为缢死的典型表现。在缢痕最高点一侧出现这种情况的频率明显更高，从而支持了伸展作为致病机制的假说。胸外心脏按压和辅助呼吸对出血的发生没有影响。组织学显示出血主要为直接骨膜上出血，然而，许多病例同时伴有骨膜下和骨膜内出血。根据文献讨论了这些死后人为现象。
