Gajalakshmi C K, Ravichandran K, Shanta V
Epidemiology Division, Cancer Institute (WIA), Madras, India.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 1996 Feb;5(1):63-8.
Tobacco is the single most important cause of avoidable morbidity and early mortality in many countries. Tobacco-related cancer (TRC) cases constitute 48.2% in men and 20.1% in women of the total cancers seen in India per year. The age-adjusted rate (AAR) of TRC ranges from 44 to 67 among males and from 23 to 27 among females in different registries in India. Of these cases, only 15% were in the lung. The religion-specific risk ratio of the TRC sites in Madras suggests that when Muslims were compared with Hindus pharynx and lung were the two sites that showed higher risk in males, while the pharynx, lung and oesophagus had higher risk in females. When Christians were compared with Hindus, lung cancer was found to have higher risk and cancer of the oesophagus lower risk in males, while cancer of the mouth had lower risk in females. The overall percentage increase in AAR of TRCs in males was 39.7 and in females was 20.1 for the period 1987-91, compared with 1982-86, with variation in the percentage increase in all the TRC sites in Madras. The change in the incident rate of TRCs seen in Madras is consistent with the change in the per capita consumption of tobacco over the years.
在许多国家，烟草是可避免发病和过早死亡的最重要单一原因。在印度，每年男性中与烟草相关的癌症（TRC）病例占所有癌症病例的48.2%，女性占20.1%。在印度不同的登记处，男性TRC的年龄调整率（AAR）在44至67之间，女性在23至27之间。在这些病例中，只有15%发生在肺部。马德拉斯地区特定宗教的TRC发病部位风险比表明，与印度教徒相比，穆斯林男性中咽和肺这两个部位的风险较高，而女性中咽、肺和食管的风险较高。与印度教徒相比，基督教男性中肺癌风险较高，食管癌风险较低，而女性中口腔癌风险较低。与1982 - 1986年相比，1987 - 1991年期间男性TRC的AAR总体百分比增幅为39.7，女性为20.1，马德拉斯所有TRC发病部位的百分比增幅存在差异。马德拉斯地区TRC发病率的变化与多年来人均烟草消费量的变化一致。
