Kujala U M, Sarna S, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M
Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
JAMA. 1996 Jul 17;276(3):216-20.
To investigate the use of hospital care from all causes among former top-level athletes from different vigorous sports to determine whether health benefits or adverse effects have the greater influence.
National, population-based cohort study with a 21-year follow-up.
Finland.
A total of 2049 male athletes who had represented Finland during 1920 to 1965, and 1403 male controls classified healthy at 20 years of age.
In-hospital care from all causes was extracted from the national hospital discharge registry for the period 1970 through 1990 expressed as hospital days per person-years of exposure.
Compared with controls, the rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause hospital days per person-years of exposure were lower in athletes from endurance sports (RR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.70-0.73), mixed sports (including endurance and weight training) (RR, 0.86; 95% Cl, 0.85-0.87), and power sports (RR, 0.95; 95% Cl, 0.94-0.96) (P < .001 for all comparisons) after adjustment for age and occupational group. The lower RR among athletes from endurance sports and other sports involving aerobic activity was largely explained by lower rates of hospital care for heart disease, respiratory disease, and neoplasms, but not for musculoskeletal disorders.
Former elite athletes, particularly those in aerobic sports, use less hospital care. Other beneficial health habits are known to be associated with a physically active lifestyle.
调查不同高强度运动项目的前顶级运动员因各种原因使用医院护理的情况，以确定健康益处或不良影响哪个影响更大。
基于全国人口的队列研究，随访21年。
芬兰。
共有2049名在1920年至1965年期间代表芬兰参赛的男性运动员，以及1403名20岁时被判定为健康的男性对照者。
从国家医院出院登记处提取1970年至1990年期间因各种原因住院护理的数据，以每人每年暴露的住院天数表示。
与对照组相比，在调整年龄和职业组后，耐力运动项目运动员（率比[RR]，0.71；95%置信区间[Cl]，0.70 - 0.73）、混合运动项目（包括耐力和力量训练）运动员（RR，0.86；95% Cl，0.85 - 0.87）和力量运动项目运动员（RR，0.95；95% Cl，0.94 - 0.96）每人每年暴露的全因住院天数的率比均较低（所有比较P <.001）。耐力运动项目和其他涉及有氧运动的运动项目运动员的较低RR主要是由于心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和肿瘤的住院护理率较低，但肌肉骨骼疾病的住院护理率并非如此。
前精英运动员，尤其是有氧运动项目的运动员，使用医院护理较少。已知其他有益健康的习惯与积极的生活方式有关。
