World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1996;862:1-83.
Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, affecting about 20% of the adult population in many countries. It is linked with coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and renal dysfunction and is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, which accounts for 20-50% of all deaths. Raised awareness of the public health and economic implications of hypertension is now directing attention to the need for long-term control programmes that focus on primary prevention, early detection and adequate treatment. This report of a WHO Expert Committee reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension, enumerates its risk factors and predictors, and makes specific proposals for its prevention and control in populations. Current approaches to the assessment and management of patients with hypertension are discussed, with emphasis on the general usefulness of systolic blood pressure measurements and on the special features of hypertension in children and adolescents, women, elderly people and those with diabetes. The potential impact of lifestyle changes is evaluated, together with the various pharmacological treatment options. While recognizing the need to take account of resource constraints and diversity in health care systems, the Committee recommends that hypertension control programmes are set up worldwide as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce total cardiovascular risk. Its practical recommendations for policy, hypertension management and research are intended to guide decision-makers in public health, managers of control programmes and physicians and to facilitate the selection of cost-effective means of controlling hypertension in different socioeconomic settings.
高血压是最常见的心血管疾病，在许多国家约20%的成年人口受其影响。它与冠心病、中风、充血性心力衰竭及肾功能不全相关，是心血管疾病死亡的主要危险因素之一，占所有死亡人数的20%-50%。对高血压公共卫生及经济影响认识的提高，正将注意力引向制定以一级预防、早期发现和充分治疗为重点的长期控制规划的必要性。这份世界卫生组织专家委员会的报告审查了高血压的流行病学和病理生理学，列举了其危险因素和预测因素，并就人群中高血压的预防和控制提出了具体建议。文中讨论了目前评估和管理高血压患者的方法，重点强调了收缩压测量的普遍实用性以及儿童、青少年、女性、老年人和糖尿病患者高血压的特点。评估了生活方式改变的潜在影响以及各种药物治疗选择。在认识到需要考虑卫生保健系统中的资源限制和多样性的同时，委员会建议在全球范围内设立高血压控制规划，作为降低总体心血管风险综合战略的一部分。其关于政策、高血压管理和研究的实际建议旨在指导公共卫生领域的决策者、控制规划管理人员和医生，并促进在不同社会经济环境中选择具有成本效益的控制高血压的方法。
