Meynial-Salles I, Combes D
Département de Génie Biochimique et Alimentaire, INSA URA CNRS, 544 Centre de Bioingénierie Gilbert Durand, Toulouse, France.
J Biotechnol. 1996 Apr 18;46(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00174-3.
The glycosylation pathway is the most important post-translational modification of a protein and is moreover a highly specific process. The majority of proteins of pharmaceutical interest are glycoproteins. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the composition, the structure, the function and the biosynthesis of the glycoproteins. The present knowledge is described here. In addition, the performed studies about structure-function relationship of the glycoproteins have shown that the oligosaccharide part of a glycoprotein confers important and specific biological roles. Thus, the modification of the structure of the glycan chains can lead to a modification of the activity of the glycoprotein. This phenomenon is encountered at the time of the production of recombinant glycoprotein in a heterologous system. Indeed, the glycosylation profile of a protein is specific to both the host cell and the culture conditions of this cell. Thus, the advantages and the drawbacks of the different host cells used for the glycosylation engineering are presented. In this way, the identification of the different specific enzymes glycosyltransferases and glycosidases involved in the glycosylation pathway is now necessary to improve the production of recombinant glycoprotein. The structure and the characteristics of these enzymes, and more particularly the oligosaccharyltransferase and the galactosyltransferase, are also described.
糖基化途径是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰，而且是一个高度特异性的过程。大多数具有药物价值的蛋白质都是糖蛋白。因此，有必要确定糖蛋白的组成、结构、功能和生物合成。本文介绍了目前的相关知识。此外，关于糖蛋白结构-功能关系的研究表明，糖蛋白的寡糖部分具有重要且特定的生物学作用。因此，聚糖链结构的改变可导致糖蛋白活性的改变。这种现象在异源系统中生产重组糖蛋白时会出现。实际上，蛋白质的糖基化模式对于宿主细胞及其培养条件都是特异性的。因此，本文介绍了用于糖基化工程的不同宿主细胞的优缺点。通过这种方式，为了提高重组糖蛋白的产量，现在有必要鉴定糖基化途径中涉及的不同特异性酶——糖基转移酶和糖苷酶。本文还描述了这些酶的结构和特性，尤其是寡糖基转移酶和半乳糖基转移酶。
