Lynd-Stevenson R M
Psychology Clinic, School of Behavioural Sciences, James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1996 Feb;35(1):117-32. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01167.x.
Recent research has failed to support the prediction based on hopelessness theory that hopelessness mediates the full relationship between attributional style for negative outcomes and depression. A re-examination of hopelessness theory, however, provides the hypothesis that a measure of hopelessness containing items directly relevant to an ongoing negative life-event will mediate the full relationship between attributional style for negative outcomes and depression. Hopelessness theory was extended with a second hypothesis that attributional style for positive outcomes is involved in the aetiology of depression and that hopelessness also mediates the full relationship between attributional style for positive outcomes and depression. The third hypothesis was that a series of "background variables' (e.g. age, sex) omitted in previous research would be implicated in the generation of depression. The three hypotheses were tested and supported with data collected from a sample of young unemployed adults. A further aspect of hopelessness theory overlooked in most research is an ability to account for reductions in depression associated with the cessation of a negative life-event and occurrence of a positive life-event. The hopelessness theory and the three hypotheses were again supported with data collected from individuals who were unemployed and others who had recently undergone the transition from unemployment to employment.
近期的研究未能支持基于绝望理论的预测，即绝望在消极结果的归因方式与抑郁之间的整个关系中起中介作用。然而，对绝望理论的重新审视提出了这样一个假设：一项包含与正在发生的负面生活事件直接相关项目的绝望测量指标，将在消极结果的归因方式与抑郁之间的整个关系中起中介作用。绝望理论还通过第二个假设得到了扩展，即积极结果的归因方式与抑郁症的病因有关，并且绝望也在积极结果的归因方式与抑郁之间的整个关系中起中介作用。第三个假设是，先前研究中遗漏的一系列“背景变量”（如年龄、性别）与抑郁症的产生有关。这三个假设通过从一群年轻失业成年人样本中收集的数据进行了检验并得到了支持。绝望理论在大多数研究中被忽视的另一个方面是，它有能力解释与负面生活事件的停止和积极生活事件的发生相关的抑郁减轻情况。从失业者和最近经历了从失业到就业转变的其他人那里收集的数据，再次支持了绝望理论和这三个假设。
