Needles D J, Abramson L Y
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1990 May;99(2):156-65. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.99.2.156.
A model of a recovery process from depression that is compatible with the hopelessness theory of depressive onset is proposed. This model predicts that depressives who have an enhancing attributional style for positive events (i.e., make global, stable attributions for such events) will be more likely to regain hopefulness and, thereby, recover from depression, when positive events occur. This prediction was tested by following a group of depressed college students longitudinally for 6 weeks. Although neither positive events alone nor attributional style alone predicted reduction in hopelessness, depressives who both showed the enhancing attributional style for positive events and experienced more positive events showed dramatic reductions in hopelessness which were accompanied by remission of depressive symptoms. Thus, attributional style for positive events may be a factor that enables some depressives to recover when positive events occur in their lives.
本文提出了一个与抑郁发作的绝望理论相一致的抑郁症康复过程模型。该模型预测，对积极事件具有增强型归因风格（即对这类事件做出整体性、稳定性归因）的抑郁症患者，在积极事件发生时，更有可能重拾希望，从而从抑郁中康复。通过对一组抑郁的大学生进行为期6周的纵向跟踪研究来检验这一预测。尽管单独的积极事件或单独的归因风格都无法预测绝望感的降低，但那些既表现出对积极事件的增强型归因风格又经历了更多积极事件的抑郁症患者，其绝望感显著降低，同时抑郁症状也得到缓解。因此，对积极事件的归因风格可能是使一些抑郁症患者在生活中出现积极事件时得以康复的一个因素。
