Metalsky G I, Joiner T E, Hardin T S, Abramson L Y
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1993 Feb;102(1):101-9. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.102.1.101.
We tested the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression and an integration of the two by examining whether a stable, global attributional style (attributional diathesis) and low self-esteem interacted with the outcomes students received on a midterm examination to predict their subsequent depressive reactions over the course of 5 days. Students' immediate depressive reactions (on receipt of grades) were predicted solely by the examination outcome, whereas their enduring depressive reactions during the following 4 days were predicted by the Attributional Diathesis x Low Self-Esteem x Failure interaction. The results also indicated that the three-way interaction predicted enduring depressive reactions through the mediating role of hopelessness.
我们通过考察一种稳定的、整体的归因风格（归因素质）和低自尊是否与学生在期中考试中的成绩相互作用，以预测他们在5天内随后的抑郁反应，从而对抑郁的绝望和自尊理论以及两者的整合进行了测试。学生的即时抑郁反应（收到成绩时）仅由考试成绩预测，而他们在接下来4天中的持续抑郁反应则由归因素质×低自尊×失败的交互作用预测。结果还表明，这种三向交互作用通过绝望的中介作用预测了持续的抑郁反应。
