Fitch W M
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1996 Feb;5(1):247-58. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0018.
There have been many wise suggestions of ways that evolution may occur but those ways seem often hard to support with good examples. Viruses have proven to be replete with some of these items. This paper reviews work that shows: (1) very fast rates of evolution; (2) positive Darwinian selection with the selective pressure specifically identified; (3) viral reassortment; (4) grossly unequal rates of evolution depending upon the host of the virus; (5) accurate dating of the cenancestor, the most recent common ancestor; (6) correspondence between the evolutionary tree and the geography of the place of isolation; (7) punctuated molecular evolution; and (8) network evolution.
关于进化可能发生的方式，已经有许多明智的建议，但这些方式似乎常常难以用恰当的例子来支持。事实证明，病毒充满了其中一些情况。本文回顾了一些研究成果，这些成果表明：（1）进化速度极快；（2）存在正达尔文选择，且明确识别出了选择压力；（3）病毒重配；（4）进化速率因病毒宿主的不同而极不平等；（5）对最古老共同祖先（cenancestor）的准确年代测定；（6）进化树与病毒分离地的地理情况之间的对应关系；（7）间断分子进化；以及（8）网络进化。
