Larsen U
Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115, USA.
Stud Fam Plann. 1996 Jan-Feb;27(1):18-28.
This study examines the trends and variations in childlessness, subfertility, and infertility in Tanzania according to data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey and the 1991-92 Demographic and Health Survey. Between the surveys, the proportion of women older than 30 who were childless was found to have declined more than 60 percent, and the proportion with an open birth interval extending for longer than five years was reduced by 40 to 50 percent in each standard five-year age group from 20 to 39. Within Tanzania, both childlessness and infertility are higher among urban than rural residents, and a substantial range prevails across eight rural zones. Finally, evidence suggests that the decline in impaired fertility has been followed by an increase in the total fertility rate. The difficulties of implementing population policies that aim simultaneously to control population growth and to improve women's health are discussed.
本研究根据1973年全国人口普查和1991 - 1992年人口与健康调查的数据，考察了坦桑尼亚无子女、生育力低下和不育的趋势及差异。在两次调查期间，发现30岁以上无子女妇女的比例下降了60%以上，在20至39岁的每个标准五岁年龄组中，生育间隔超过五年的妇女比例减少了40%至50%。在坦桑尼亚国内，城市居民的无子女率和不育率高于农村居民，八个农村地区存在很大差异。最后，有证据表明，生育能力受损情况的下降之后是总生育率的上升。文中还讨论了同时旨在控制人口增长和改善妇女健康的人口政策实施过程中存在的困难。
