Jönhagen S, Ericson M O, Németh G, Eriksson E
Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Hospital, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996 Feb;6(1):15-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00064.x.
The aim of this study was to make descriptive analyses of the muscle activities in the lower extremity during maximal sprinting. Nine healthy sprinters were examined during maximal sprinting using telemetric electromyography (EMG). Seven muscles of the lower extremities were investigated: biceps femoris, medial hamstrings (semimembranosus and semitendinosus), rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius. The recorded EMG levels during running were expressed as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contractions (%max EMG). For each muscle, the normalized EMG was plotted during the whole running stride cycle and is presented for each muscle. The reason for using this method is to show that it is possible to compare different muscle activities in a runner as well as to make comparisons between runners. Lateral and medial hamstrings and gluteus maximus showed similar activities with peak levels of EMG during foot-strike. Rectus femoris had a two-peak activity, with one peak at the middle of the stance phase and the other during the swing phase. The tibialis anterior also showed a two-peak activity, but with the peaks at the beginning of the swing phase and just before foot-strike. The highest activities of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius occurred just before toe-off.
本研究的目的是对全力冲刺时下肢的肌肉活动进行描述性分析。使用遥测肌电图（EMG）对9名健康短跑运动员在全力冲刺过程中进行了检查。研究了下肢的七块肌肉：股二头肌、内侧腘绳肌（半膜肌和半腱肌）、股直肌、臀大肌、胫骨前肌、外侧腓肠肌和内侧腓肠肌。跑步过程中记录的肌电图水平以最大自主等长收缩的百分比（%最大肌电图）表示。对于每块肌肉，在整个跑步步幅周期内绘制标准化肌电图，并针对每块肌肉呈现。使用这种方法的原因是为了表明可以比较跑步者不同的肌肉活动，也可以在跑步者之间进行比较。外侧和内侧腘绳肌以及臀大肌在足着地时表现出相似的活动，肌电图峰值水平相近。股直肌有两个峰值活动，一个峰值出现在站立期中期，另一个出现在摆动期。胫骨前肌也表现出两个峰值活动，但峰值分别出现在摆动期开始时和即将足着地之前。内侧和外侧腓肠肌的最高活动出现在即将离地时。
