Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of degree III furcation defects in maxillary molars.

11 subjects with generalized periodontitis and advanced lesions in the maxillary molar regions, including bilateral mesial-distal, but not buccal, degree III furcation defects in the 1st and/or 2nd molars, were recruited for the present clinical trial. The patients were given oral hygiene instruction and full-mouth scaling and root planing. A re-examination was performed after 3 months of healing, after which the furcation involved molars were randomly selected for a GTR or conservative treatment modality. An informed consent form was signed by each participating patient. The GTR procedure involved the elevation of mucoperiostal flaps, root surface debridement, and the placement of an e-PFTE membrane at the 2 entrances of the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and secured. The contralateral molar was treated in an identical manner but without the placement of the teflon membrane. The patients received amoxicillin (1g x 2/day for 8 days), were placed on chlorhexidine mouth rinsing and were recalled for prophylaxis 1x every 2 weeks. The teflon membranes were removed at a 2nd stage procedure after 6 weeks. All subjects were re-examined 6 months after the regenerative procedure, and in addition, all sites were evaluated following a reentry procedure. The final examination and measurements made during the reentry procedure documented that, although some reduction in probing pocket depth and some gain in probing attachment had occurred at both test and control sites, none of the furcation defects had closed, but retained the characteristics of a degree-III furcation involvement.