Jeter K F, Lutz J B
Adv Wound Care. 1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):29-34.
Despite a plethora of recommendations, protocols and dictums in the nursing literature, no research studies have defined the basic elements of preventive skin care for incontinent patients, and the prevalence of skin problems associated with incontinence is unknown. Yet the importance of skin care for incontinent elderly or immobilized patients has long been acknowledged. This literature review sought to determine current practices and principles for skin care of frail, elderly, dependent, incontinent patients. Protocols vary widely. And although there is mounting evidence that incontinence, particularly fecal incontinence, is a primary risk factor for pressure ulcer development, most preventive efforts focus on pressure relief, repositioning, and nutrition, rather than incontinence care. More clinical trials are needed in this area. The design and analysis of these trials should take into account the frequency and manner in which skin is cleansed, products used for skin care, risks and benefits of absorbent products and devices, the presence of infection, and patients' concomitant medical conditions and degree of immobility.
尽管护理文献中有大量的建议、方案和准则，但尚无研究明确失禁患者预防性皮肤护理的基本要素，与失禁相关的皮肤问题的患病率也不清楚。然而，为失禁的老年人或行动不便的患者进行皮肤护理的重要性早已得到认可。这篇文献综述旨在确定体弱、年老、依赖他人且失禁患者皮肤护理的当前做法和原则。方案差异很大。尽管越来越多的证据表明失禁，尤其是大便失禁，是压疮形成的主要危险因素，但大多数预防措施都集中在减压、重新安置和营养方面，而不是失禁护理。该领域需要更多的临床试验。这些试验的设计和分析应考虑皮肤清洁的频率和方式、用于皮肤护理的产品、吸收性产品和装置的风险与益处、感染的存在，以及患者的伴随疾病和行动不便程度。
