Theriot J A
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995;11:213-39. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.001241.
Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri are unrelated bacterial pathogens that have independently evolved similar strategies of survival within an infected host animal. Bacteria coming into contact with the surface of an epithelial cell induce cytoskeletal rearrangements resulting in phagocytosis. They then secrete enzymes that degrade the phagosomal membrane, releasing the bacteria into the host cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic bacteria move rapidly, in association with a "comet tail" made up of host cell actin filaments. When moving bacteria reach the cell margin, they push out long protrusions with the bacteria at the tips that are then taken up by neighboring cells, allowing the infection to spread from cell to cell. This review summarizes what is currently known about the interactions between the bacteria and the host at each stage of the infection and discusses what mammalian cell biologists can learn by studying bacterial pathogens.
单核细胞增生李斯特菌和福氏志贺菌是无关的细菌病原体，它们在受感染的宿主动物体内独立进化出了相似的生存策略。与上皮细胞表面接触的细菌会诱导细胞骨架重排，从而导致吞噬作用。然后它们分泌降解吞噬体膜的酶，将细菌释放到宿主细胞质中。胞质内的细菌与由宿主细胞肌动蛋白丝组成的“彗尾”相关联，快速移动。当移动的细菌到达细胞边缘时，它们会伸出长长的突起，突起顶端带有细菌，随后被邻近细胞摄取，从而使感染在细胞间传播。这篇综述总结了目前已知的细菌与宿主在感染各阶段的相互作用，并讨论了哺乳动物细胞生物学家通过研究细菌病原体可以学到什么。
