Risau W, Flamme I
Max-Planck-Institut für Physiologische und Klinische Forschung, W.G. Kerckhoff-Institut, Abteilung Molekulare Zellbiologie, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995;11:73-91. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.000445.
Induction by fibroblast growth factors of mesoderm during gastrulation leads to blood-forming tissue, including angioblasts and hemopoietic cells, that together constitute the blood islands of the yolk sac. The differentiation of angioblasts from mesoderm and the formation of primitive blood vessels from angioblasts at or near the site of their origin are the two distinct steps during the onset of vascularization that are defined as vasculogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase flk-1 represent a paracrine signaling system crucial for the differentiation of endothelial cells and the development of the vascular system. Specified cell adhesion molecules such as VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 (CD-31), and transcription factors such as ets-1, as well as mechanical forces and vascular regression and remodeling are involved in the subsequent events of endothelial cell differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
原肠胚形成过程中，成纤维细胞生长因子诱导中胚层形成造血组织，包括成血管细胞和造血细胞，它们共同构成卵黄囊的血岛。成血管细胞从中胚层分化以及在其起源部位或附近由成血管细胞形成原始血管，是血管形成起始过程中的两个不同步骤，这被定义为血管发生。血管内皮生长因子及其高亲和力受体酪氨酸激酶flk-1代表一种旁分泌信号系统，对内皮细胞的分化和血管系统的发育至关重要。特定的细胞黏附分子如血管内皮钙黏蛋白和PECAM-1（CD-31），以及转录因子如ets-1，还有机械力和血管消退及重塑，都参与了内皮细胞分化、凋亡和血管生成的后续过程。
